1 Audio and Video Technology Matakuliah: G0462/English for Broadcasting Tahun: 2005/2006

2 Basic Principles Facsimile Technology Transduction Signal and Noise Analog and Digital Signals Oscillation and the Waveform Frequency and Amplitude Frequency Response

3 Transduction Transduction involves changing energy from one form to another in audio and video technology.

4 Signal Generation Signal generation involves getting the grooves onto a record, the vibrations into a microphone, the blips onto a strip of audiotape, or the bits and bytes onto a CD or floppy disk.

5 Steps in Signal Processing 1.Signal generation 2.Amplification and processing 3.Transmission 4.Reception 5.Storage and retrieval

6 Signal Generation Audio Signal Generation Video Signal Generation

7 Amplification and Processing Audio and video signals are amplified and mixed by using audio consoles and video switchers.

8 Radio Transmission AM stations: radio channels are classified into clear, regional, and local channels. FM stations: radio channels are classified according to power and antenna height.

9 TV Transmission The traditional systems: 1.Over-the-air broadcasting utilizing electromagnetic radiation on channels located in the VHF and UHF portions of the spectrum. 2.By wire through a cable system using coaxial cable that can carry more than 100 channels of programming.

10 Signal Reception Radio receivers pull in AM, FM, and other signals, in monaural or stereo. New digital multiband receivers are becoming more prevalent. In TV, large-and small-screen receivers have attained record sales in recent years, abetted by new digital capabilities and smart remote control devices.

11 Web-casting Audio and video streaming Streaming: A technique that’s blurring the lines between computers, TV sets, and radio receivers.

12 Storage and retrieval New technology is reshaping audio and video storage and retrieval. Phonograph records, compact discs, and videotapes are being supplemented and may ultimately be replaced by digital storage media, such as recordable CDs, digital versatile discs (DVDs, and high capacity disk drives on computers. New phenomenon, audio and video streaming, permits radio and TV stations to send their complex signals onto the internet. Today, any home computer with a soundcard, a CD-ROM drive, and a microphone can produce and distribute its own radio and TV programs.