Inside the Neolithic Revolution. Spread of humans.

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Presentation transcript:

Inside the Neolithic Revolution

Spread of humans

1. Climate and Terrain: Conditions for Agriculture Good weather and change of seasons. Plenty of rainfall Different elevations for different crops Access to rivers and fresh water Good soil

Agriculture: Causes What made it necessary in some places and unnecessary in others? –Adequate domesticable plants and animals made it possible = Agriculture –Shortage of animals and domesticable plants = No agriculture

Areas of agriculture China: Millet, wheat and rice Mesopotamia (Iraq): wheat and barley South and Central America: corn, squash, and beans Africa: sorghum, millet, and yams

Early agricultural breadbaskets

Criteria for domestication of animals Herbivores (plant eaters) Adequate size (over 100 pounds) Friendly and not competitive Fast growth rate and birth spacing Will breed in captivity Predictable and won’t panic 143 possibilities--only 14 fit all criteria. All domesticated animals today domesticated by 2500 BCE

Animal domestication

Domesticable Plants and Animals and their undomesticable close relatives

Only 14 animals were domesticated The major 5: »Sheep »Goat »Cow »Pig »Horse

Benefits of Domesticated Animals Domesticated animals provide a food source Domesticated animals provide labor Domesticated animals provide fertilizer (but don’t step in it!) Exposure to domesticated animals leads to disease –Cows: small pox, measles, tuberculosis –Pigs: influenza (flu) Societies eventually developed immunities to these diseases

The spread of agriculture Farming spread slowly in the Americas and Africa Farming spread quickly in Eurasia