Welcome! 2/25/15 Take out: Writing utensil Vocabulary list (optional) Spiral for notes ONE loose piece of paper (Short Quiz at the end of notes) Number 1-9 on your loose paper.

Regional Economies in 1800’s (Make this chart maybe half a page) Regional Economies in 1800’s North South West

CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY! POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY – A VOTE where the people decide on an issue. (I.E. – slavery) COMPROMISE – An agreement reached between two sides where both sides have to “give up” something,.

MORE VOCAB. - ABOLITIONIST – A person who works to bring an end to or believes in NO slavery. Often they try and help slaves to freedom. SECTIONALISM – The belief that your part of the country is the BEST. You put your part of the country’s needs in front of what is best for the WHOLE nation. /encarta.msn.com/media

MORE VOCAB. FUGITIVE – A person who has gone against or broken the law and is on the loose. SECEDE - To remove or break away as the Southern states did from the Union.

LAST TWO! ARSENAL – A warehouse that stores guns and ammunition. MARTYR – A person who is willing to die for their beliefs. I.E. – John Brown

Sectionalism The belief that your part of the country is the BEST. You put your part of the country’s needs in front of what is best for the WHOLE nation.

Different Economies The economies of the North and South had developed differently in the 1800’s. North used more industry & commerce (trade) Southern economy was still based on plantation farming & slavery.

Some immigrants move West Immigration & the growth of industry made populations grow in Northern cities. Some of these immigrants and easterners moved west to build farms in new states in the Northwest Territory.

East (North) and West Canals and railroads ran east (North) and west, bonding the Eastern and Midwestern states together.

Done with Chart

The South Things were different in the south. A few wealthy planters controlled Southern society. Most Southern whites were poor farmers who owned no slaves, but they still supported slavery because it kept them from being at the bottom of society.

Abolitionists in North Abolitionists in the North believed slavery was unethical & should be abolished. Other Northerners believed slavery was an economic threat; worried it would spread & workers in North would be replaced by slave labor.

Racism in the North Despite their opposition to slavery, most Northerners, even abolitionists, were racist by modern standards. Many whites refused to go to school with, work with, or live near African Americans. In most states, even free African Americans could not vote.

Slaveholders’ Reasoning Slaveholders defended slavery in different ways: Most offered the openly racist argument that white people were superior to blacks. Some claimed that slavery helped slaves It introduced them to Christianity Provided them with food, clothing, and shelter throughout their lives.

The Wilmot Proviso The Wilmot Proviso outlawed slavery in any territory the U.S. gained from the War with Mexico. Conflict: but slave-owners believed Congress did not have the right to say where they could bring slaves since they had paid for them and considered slaves to be “property”.

The Free-Soil Party The Wilmot Proviso passed the House of Representatives, but did not pass in the Senate because Southern Senators kept it from being successful. However, the Free Soil Party was formed as a result & won 10 seats in Congress in 1848. Politicians could no longer ignore slavery. The party opposed the extension of slavery in the western territories.

THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) There was a great debate over where slavery would be allowed and where it would not. A debate occurred and finally a compromise was reached. It stated: 1.) Missouri entered as a slave state 2.) Maine entered as a free state. 3.) The 36’ 30’’ line is drawn. This line was suppose to decide whether slavery would be allowed in certain territories or not. This compromise was effective for a number of years – almost thirty! However, after about 1850, problems began to occur and the compromise was less and less effective. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820)

COMPROMISE OF 1850 COMPROMISE AGAIN! This time it includes 5 parts! Proposed by Henry Clay 1.) California enters as a FREE state. 2.) Area from Mexican Cession divided into Utah and New Mexico. Slavery issue to be decided by POPULAR SOVEREIGNTRY. 3.) ENDED slave trade in Washington D.C. 4.) Made a STRICT Fugitive Slave Law 5.) Settled border problems between New Mexico and Texas. Again, problems better for a short period of time and then became worse.

COMPROMISE OF 1850

The “Great Compromiser” Henry Clay becomes known as the “Great Compromiser” because of the many compromises proposed by him How many compromises by Henry Clay can you name?

FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW (1850) This law was part of the compromise of 1850. It was a law that REQUIRED citizens to catch runaway slaves. If a person did not comply, they cold be fined up to $1000 or put in jail for SIX months. Judges received $10 if they returned a slave and $5 if they freed them. MANY blacks who were free were captured and sent back into slavery. Northerners HATED this law because it forced them to become a part of the system of slavery. http://search.eb.com/blackhistory/micro/222/8.html

Quiz (Directions) In the space before each sentence, write N if it describes the North or S if it describes the South.

1. The economy here relied on plantation farming. 2. The growth of industry here led to the rapid growth of cities. 3. The abolitionist movement had been gaining strength here since the 1830s. 4. Racism against African Americans here was based on prejudice rather than slave ownership. 5. Senators from this region prevented passage of the Wilmot Proviso, which would have outlawed slavery in any territory the United States gained from the War with Mexico.

6. The Free-Soil Party, dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery, appealed to people of this region. 7. People from this region favored admitting California to the union as two states, one slave and one free. 8. To please the people of this region, the Compromise of 1850 promised Congress would pass a stronger law to help slave-owners recapture runaway slaves. 9. Daniel Webster, from this region, spoke out in support of the Compromise of 1850 for the sake of the union.

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN (1852) This was a NOVEL written by Harriett Beecher Stowe. It was written to show the EVILS of slavery by telling the story of an older slave who was whipped to death by his owner. After reading it, MANY Northerners began to change their view of slavery. Southerners said the book was full of LIES!

Stephen Douglas In 1854, Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois drafted a bill to organize the Nebraska Territory. He promised the territory would be divided into two territories—Nebraska and Kansas

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854) Divides lands into Kansas and Nebraska territories. Decided that SLAVERY issue would be decided by POPULAR SOVREIGNTY. Led to violence in the Senate. Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery settlers in ONE AREA and this leads to conflict! Northerners believe this REPEALS the Missouri Compromise. Democratic senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois sponsored this bill.

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854)

Violence in Congress As the Violence was occurring in Kansas, Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts delivered a speech attacking the Proslavery forces in Kansas Sumner insulted A.P. Butler, a senator from South Carolina In response to Sumner’s attacks, Preston Brooks a relative of Butler and a Southerner, attacked Sumner with a cane, hitting him more than 30 times.

“BLEEDING KANSAS” (1856) Because of the violence going on in Kansas, John Brown and four of his sons, decide to take the law into their own hands. They ride into a small town named Pottowatomi Creek and pull five pro-slavery men out of their beds in the middle of the night. The men are murdered. John Brown believes he is doing what “GOD has told him to do”.

“BLEEDING KANSAS” (1856) Many Northerners, while they don’t believe in slavery, are appalled at what he did. As news of the violence spread, civil war broke out in Kansas (1854-1859). The territory came to be called “Bleeding Kansas”

North/ South views of the following….. NORTHERN VIEW SOUTHERN VIEW ISSUE North opposed it because it forced them to support slavery. South favored it because it upheld slavery. Fugitive Slave Act South supported it because it nullified the Missouri Compromise. North opposed it because it allowed slavery in new areas. Kansas– Nebraska Act Northerners blamed proslavery forces. “Bleeding Kansas” Southerners blamed abolitionists.

The Republican Party forms - After the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was passed, the Whig party split up into the Northern Whigs and the Southern Whigs. - The Northern Whigs opposed the act while the Southern Whigs supported it. - The Southern Whigs quickly DIED out. Most of these men would join the Democratic party. - The Northern Whigs formed the Republican Party. - With the election of 1856 approaching, the REPUBLICANS believed that they had an excellent opportunity to gain seats in Congress.

DRED SCOTT VS SANDFORD (1857) Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri. He had lived in the free territories of Illinois and Wisconsin with his owner. His owner moved back into a slave state. While there, the owner died. Scott had ABOLITIONIST attorneys file a law suit for him.

DRED SCOTT VS SANDFORD (1857) It went to the Supreme Court but he LOST, Justice Roger B. Taney (“Tawney”) ruled against Scott The Court ruled he was NOT a citizen but RATHER property and therefore he could not file a lawsuit. Also, they ruled that Congress could NOT ban slavery in any of the territories. This REPEALED the Missouri Compromise. Southerners LOVED the ruling while Northerners HATED it. It meant slavery could spread into all the territories!

Democrats vs. Republicans After the Dred Scott case, the Republicans charged that the Democrats wanted to legalize slavery not only in the Territories, but also throughout the U.S. They began to attack individual Democrats. The main target was Stephen Douglas. Douglas was up for re-election for his senate seat in Illinois in the election of 1858. Republicans ran Abraham Lincoln against Douglas in the political race.

LINCOLN-DOUGLASS DEBATE (1858) Lincoln and Douglas debated! Douglass believed in deciding slavery by popular sovereignty. Lincoln believed that slavery should NOT be allowed to spread into the territories. Lincoln ALSO believed the Nation could not survive if the fighting continued to rip the Union apart with the slavery issue. http://encarta.msn.com/media

The race is over… Abraham Lincoln & Stephen Douglas, each trying to win a senate seat in Illinois, would hold a series of debates to address the slavery issue. Douglas won the election, but Lincoln would become a national figure & gain strong standing in the Republican Party.

RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY (1859) John Brown was at it again! This time, he led five blacks and thirteen whites into Harper’s Ferry. They planned to raid an arsenal and start a slave revolt. Problem: No slaves “rose” to help. A number of his men died and Brown was arrested by Robert E. Lee. Brown was tried and found guilty of murder and treason. He was later hanged. Some Northerners thought of him as a “Martyr” (someone who dies for his beliefs.) “I am quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood.” John Brown

ELECTION OF 1860 Lincoln ran against Douglass in the Presidential Election of 1860. The Southern states did not like Lincoln or what he believed in. They overwhelmingly supported Douglass yet Lincoln STILL got elected. Southerners grew very angry. Said this showed it did not matter what their opinions were, the North had to much power! Many Southerners talked of SECEDING from the Union. http://www.multied.com/elections/1860.html

1860 Election Results

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

The First States Secede The official formation of the Confederate States of America occurred on March 11, 1861 when the seven seceded states signed the new constitution. This started when South Carolina seceded on December 20, 1860

The first States secede