 The word communalism is derived from the word community. It implies extreme sense of pride into identification with one’s own community

 1.Historical cause, divide and rule  2.Hindu – Muslim Union and state Government policy.  3.Economic status of Minority section of the society is weak.

 4. Handiwork of the organized militant units  5.Isolations and perceived Orthodoxy of Muslims  6.A number of Muslims do not take part in the secular Nationalists politics.  7. Vested political interests

 Material and human loss due to conflicts  Weakens democracy  Communalism Hiders social and economic progress  Communalism gives rise to regionalism

 Militancy and terrorism  Violence, riots, destruction  Break down of law and administration  Hampers internal stability and security  Hinders national integration and unity

 1.Character Building  2.Inculcation of values  3.Peace and harmony  4.Removing misconception  5.Providing equal opportunity  6.Avoid discrimination

 Role of the teacher  1.Teachers as a role model  2.Initiate discussion, debates act to dev. Rational thinking  3.Break stereo types

 Role of Curriculum  1.Emphasis on the study of all religions  2.Value education period  3.Promotion of secularism

 Role of Co-Curricular activities  1.Observing Birthday and martyrdoms  2.Celebration of festivals  3.Lectures and seminars  4. Cultural activities

 1. Equality  2.Election of secular candidates  3.Justice to be given equally to all

 1.Remove misconceptions and avoid exaggeration of issues  2.Present a more positive picture supporting peace and harmony  3.Act as a watch dog of the community and report facts truthfully