Chapter 9 Section 3: Acids and Bases
Acids (pg. 250) 1. Acids = substances that contain hydrogen & produce hydronium ions (H 3 O + )when they dissolve in water 1. Acids dissolve in water & release positively charged hydrogen (H + ) ions which then combine with H 2 O & produce H 3 0 +
Properties of Acidic Solutions (pg. 250 – 251) 1. Sour taste, but never use taste 2 determine acids or bases 2. They conduct electricity b/c they contain ions 3. They R corrosive as well 4. Some acids react w/ metals 2 produce metallic compounds & hydrogen gas 5. Carbonic acid is formed from carbon dioxide dissolving in water 6. Stalactites & stalagmites R created b/c of the carbonic acid which dissolves the limestone rock
Uses of Acids (pg. 251 – 252) 1. Vinegar contains acetic acid 2. Lemons & oranges contain ascorbic acid (vitamin C) 3. Formic acid comes from ant stings 4. Batteries contain acids b/c of the electric current it conducts 5. Sulfuric acid is used is fertilizers, steel, paint, & plastics 6. Hydrochloric acid is used to remove dirt & stains from metals & brick walls 7. Nitric acid is used in fertilizer, dyes, plastics, & explosives
Bases (pg. 252) 1. Bases = substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH - )when they dissolve in water 2. Properties: slippery, bitter taste 3. Bases R corrosive 4. They also contain ions conduct electricity 5. Usually do not react w/ metals
Uses of Bases (pg. 252 – 253) 1. Hydroxide ions strongly react w/ dirt & grease, which is why soaps & cleaning products R bases 2. Ammonia is in fertilizers, fibers, and plastics 3. Antacids, chalk, & oven cleaners also contain bases 4. Blood is a basic solution 5. Calcium hydroxide is a base (called lime) often used 2 mark lines in fields & found in paving materials, plaster BrainPOP Acids and Bases
pH (pg ) 1. A solution’s pH is measuring how acidic or basic the substance is 2. The scale ranges from 0 – is neutral 2. 0 is very acidic & 14 is very basic 3. The pH value of a solution directly relates 2 the amt. of H and OH - ions within the solution 1. A neutral solution has an equal amt. of both 4. A change in pH 1 level is increasing or decreasing the acidity by So, a solution w/ a pH of 12 is a 100 times more basic than 10
pH & Strengths of Acids & Bases (pg ) 1. Acids used in food R weak acids (5, or 6) vs. strong acids & dangerous, harmful (1, or 2 2. A stronger acid has more hydronium ions than a weak acid, giving it a lower pH & vice versa for bases 3. Indicators = compounds that react w/ acids & bases producing certain colors 1. They help determine how acidic or basic a substance is by changing a variety of colors 2. Ex: litmus paper red for acid, blue for basic BrainPOP pH Scale
Neutralization (pg ) 1. Heartburn comes from too much hydrochloric acid in the stomach causing irritation, so you ingest a base (antacid) 2 counteract that reaction 2. Neutralization = interaction that occurs between acids & bases where they cancel each other’s properties out 1. This happens b/c the hydronium & hydroxide ions reaction 2 produce 2 water molecules (which R neutral) acid-base neutralization 2. When acids & bases neutralize a salt is also produced w/ the water…salts R neither acidic or basic
YouTube Acids & Bases Have Two Different Faces Song LOL…Acids & Bases Rap
All Done!!