Ozone transport network Guoxun Tian CS 790G Fall 2010

Overview Introduction Introduction My goal and Problems My goal and Problems Methodology Methodology Two way to solve the problems Two way to solve the problems How to connect this network to our course? How to connect this network to our course? Where my data come from? Where my data come from? Reference Reference Questions Questions

R. Husar et al.(1998) April 1998 event Transport of East Asian Dust across the pacific

Why California California has the highest ozone level California has the highest ozone level

My goal  Goal: to build a complex network of ozone transport based on 15 basins California is divided into 15 Air Basins to better manage air pollution. Air basin boundaries were decided by grouping similar geographic features together. Some air basins really are like a basin, with valleys surrounded by mountains. Political boundaries, Such as counties, were also important.  In this network, the nodes represent all basins and the edges represent the ozone transportation between them.

My goal Air pollution emissions from one air basin are often blown into a neighbor’s air basin

7   Local Ozone Local ozone concentrations = Natural ozone + Transported ozone (generated from emissions from upwind cities and natural events such as wildfires) + Local ozone (generated from local anthropogenic emissions) Problems

8 Problems (1 of 2) Background ozone Background ozone What is the typical natural background ozone concentration? What is the typical natural background ozone concentration? Transport Transport How much ozone, above natural background, was transported into each city or basin? How much ozone, above natural background, was transported into each city or basin? What are the typical source areas for transported ozone? What are the typical source areas for transported ozone?

9 Problems (2 of 2) Local contribution Local contribution What amount of locally generated ozone was produced at each city? What amount of locally generated ozone was produced at each city? Contribution comparison Contribution comparison On what percentage of high-ozone days was peak local 8-hr ozone dominated by locally generated ozone compared to transported ozone? On what percentage of high-ozone days was peak local 8-hr ozone dominated by locally generated ozone compared to transported ozone? How do these percentages change for each city by transport direction? How do these percentages change for each city by transport direction? How do the contribution amounts compare among the cities? How do the contribution amounts compare among the cities?

Methodology 1. Statistcal Analyses Analyses of the time of peak ozone concentration at various monitoring sites can yield useful information on transport patterns and source areas. In most major source areas of interest in California, transport winds are light in the morning, allowing ozone precursor concentrations to build up and zone to form. A B B A Wind Morning

1. Statistcal Analyses

2. Back trajectory analysis Back trajectory analyses are computer models based on data from past weather forecasting models that predict how air moves and arrives at a fixed destination (Yarwood et al., 2000). The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides a modeling tool known as the HYSPLIT model, which calculates back trajectories. Another tool that calculates back trajectories, VIEWS, provides a similar product using different assumptions and weather models. These tools can be used as indicators as to whether or not a high ozone level could be attributed to ozone transport from other areas (Yarwood et al., 2000). Methodology

13 Methodology Peak Local Ozone = Incoming (natural background + transported anthropogenic) + Local Anthropogenic System developed to calculate incoming ozone System developed to calculate incoming ozone (Clinton P. MacDonald) Ran multiple backward trajectories each day for five years (2001–2005, April–October); Ran multiple backward trajectories each day for five years (2001–2005, April–October); Determined the daily peak 8-hr ozone concentration at the last site near which each trajectory passed during daylight hours prior to entering each city; and Determined the daily peak 8-hr ozone concentration at the last site near which each trajectory passed during daylight hours prior to entering each city; and Averaged all concentrations to estimate incoming boundary layer concentration each day. Averaged all concentrations to estimate incoming boundary layer concentration each day.

How to connect this network to our course? Do analysis and calculate the centrality, betweennees, closeness and other parameter of each node to know the relationship betweeen them Ozone Transport sketch map of San Francisco Bay Area Air Basin

How to connect this network to our course? Do some analysis dynamically, see if we can find a way to reduce the ozone level of California with minimize cost.

Where my data come from? California Environmental Protection Agency: Air Resources Board. California Environmental Protection Agency: Air Resources Board. California’s ambient air monitoring network is one of the most extensive in the world, consisting of over 250 sites where air pollution levels are monitored and more than 700 monitors used to measure the pollutant levels. California’s ambient air monitoring network is one of the most extensive in the world, consisting of over 250 sites where air pollution levels are monitored and more than 700 monitors used to measure the pollutant levels.

Where my data come from?

Reference Clark County Regional Ozone and Precursor Study (CCROPS). Robert A. Baxter, CCM T&B Systems. Clark County Air Quality Forum – 03/14/06 WESTAR Ozone Transport Analysis. Clinton P. MacDonald, Dianne S. Miller, Sean Raffuse, Tim S. Dye. Sonoma Technology, Inc. Petaluma, CA. WESTAR Fall Business Meeting. Boise, ID. September 27, 2006 WESTAR Ozone Transport Analysis. Clinton P. MacDonald, Dianne S. Miller, Sean Raffuse, Tim S. Dye. Sonoma Technology, Inc. Petaluma, CA. WESTAR Fall Business Meeting. Boise, ID. September 27, 2006 Ozone transport during the California Ozone Deposition Experiment. Jielun Sun, William Massman. Journal of Geophysical research. Vol.104, No. D10, Pages 11,939-11,948, May Ozone transport during the California Ozone Deposition Experiment. Jielun Sun, William Massman. Journal of Geophysical research. Vol.104, No. D10, Pages 11,939-11,948, May Ozone trasport analysis using back-trajectories and CAMx probing Tools. Presented at the 9th Annual CMAS Conference, Chapel Hill, NC, October 11-13, 2010 Ozone trasport analysis using back-trajectories and CAMx probing Tools. Presented at the 9th Annual CMAS Conference, Chapel Hill, NC, October 11-13, 2010

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