 Review HW #4  Answer questions about Microsoft Visio  Introduce SQL  Introduce SQL Server 2008 environment for programming SQL  Will meet in AB208 (computer lab) for class on 2/16. Remember whether you are 9:30AM or 11AM?? 1

 SQL (structured query language) is a non-procedural language designed to process data.  Data processing operations include: ◦ Creating tables ◦ Create and enforcing constraints ◦ Adding, changing, deleting data ◦ Accessing data (either through single rows or aggregation)  SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard language 2

 A front-end programming tool  Does not: ◦ Make pretty output (forms/reports) ◦ Make pretty websites ◦ Make anything pretty for users to look at!! ◦ Do extensive calculations ◦ Do statistical calculations 3

 All commands are considered to be “queries”  Any command acts upon the database: ◦ creating database objects, ◦ altering (changing) database objects, ◦ adding/deleting/changing data inside a database object, ◦ looking at data inside a database object.  Operates with an implied loop; no explicit loops. The programmer has no control over the execution of the loop, so it is important to understand the implied loop. 4

5 Data Definition Commands (DDL) Data Manipulation Commands (DML) Data Control Commands (DCL) CREATEINSERTGRANT ALTERUPDATEREVOKE DROPDELETECOMMIT TRUNCATEROLLBACK SELECTSET TRANSACTION

 SQL statements start with a command, and then include few or many modifiers/extensions for the command.  SQL statements are not case sensitive.  Can span more than one physical line; it is a free form language.  SQL keywords cannot be abbreviated or split across lines. 6

 Keywords and/or main clauses are typically placed on separate lines.  Tabs and indentation are used to enhance readability.  Keywords are typically aligned in the first column.  Keywords are usually capitalized.  Data are usually in lowercase or a combination of uppercase and lowercase.  Comments are included sparingly, but usefully. 7

8 CREATE TABLE tblEmployee (EmployeeIDCHAR(5)PRIMARY KEY, LastNameVARCHAR(30), BillingRateMONEY);