1. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 4-1 David M. Kroenke Database Processing Chapter 2 Structured Query Language

2. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 4-2 Structured Query Language Structured Query Language is known as either –Its acronym, SQL, or –SEQUEL, the name of the original version of SQL SEQUEL was developed by IBM in the mid-1970s.

3. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 4-3 SQL Is: The standard for relational database management systems (RDBMS) SQL-92 Standard -- Purpose: –Specify syntax/semantics for data definition and manipulation –Define data structures –Enable portability –Allow for later growth/enhancement to standard

4. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 4-4 SQL Is Not: Purchased off the shelf –Supplied by RDBMS vendor Identical across all vendors –Slight differences between IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, etc A procedural language Case sensitive*

5. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 4-5 Systems Development Life Cycle Project Identification and Selection Project Initiation and Planning Analysis Physical Design Implementation Maintenance Logical Design

6. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 4-6 DDL, DML & DCL SDLC and SQL

7. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 4-7 SQL Environment Data Definition Language (DDL): –Commands that define a database, its tables and constraints Data Manipulation Language (DML) –Commands that maintain and query a database Data Control Language (DCL) –Commands that control a database, including administering privileges and committing data

8. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 4-8 Data Manipulation Language (DML) Subset of SQL that manipulates the data in the database –Select –Insert, Delete, Update –Commit, Rollback Modifies the data, but cannot change its structure

9. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 4-9 SQL Query Syntax SELECT [Distinct] column(s) FROM table(s) [WHERE conditional expression] [GROUP BY column(s)] [HAVING conditional expression] [ORDER BY column(s)]