ISSI Working Group on Atmospheric Water Vapor, 11 Feb 2008 Holger Vömel Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado.

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Presentation transcript:

ISSI Working Group on Atmospheric Water Vapor, 11 Feb 2008 Holger Vömel Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Water vapor observations using the CFH

Overview Science issues: Trend (stratosphere / upper troposphere) Supersaturation Use in forecasting and modelsScience issues: Trend (stratosphere / upper troposphere) Supersaturation Use in forecasting and models Measurement issues: Absolute accuracy In-cloud measurements Frostpoint above 0CMeasurement issues: Absolute accuracy In-cloud measurements Frostpoint above 0C Logistical issues: World wide coverage Instrument availability Cost Radiosonde manufacturer interactionLogistical issues: World wide coverage Instrument availability Cost Radiosonde manufacturer interaction

Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer (CFH) Microprocessor control Microprocessor control Vertical Range: surface to ~28 km (surface to ~25 km on ascent) Vertical Range: surface to ~28 km (surface to ~25 km on ascent) Uncertainty: troposphere: > 4% MR stratosphere: ~ 9 % Uncertainty: troposphere: > 4% MR stratosphere: ~ 9 % Phase sensitive detector: electronic sunlight filter Phase sensitive detector: electronic sunlight filter No liquid/ice ambiguity No liquid/ice ambiguity Weight: ~ 400 gr Weight: ~ 400 gr Currently interfaced with ECC ozone sonde and Vaisala RS80 Currently interfaced with ECC ozone sonde and Vaisala RS80 >300 soundings >300 soundings Detector IR LED μ Controller Cryogen Air flow Lens Mirror Heater Frost layer Thermistor

Science issue: Trends

Boulder trend From Scherer et al., ACPD 2007

Boulder trend From Scherer et al., ACPD 2007

Where to measure trend? Processes controlling entry of water into stratosphere Methane oxidation and PSCs From Holton et al., Rev. Geophys. 1995

Science issue: Supersaturation

Supersaturation from WB-57 From Gao et al., Science, 2003

Harvard Lyman alpha - CFH

RH ice from tropical CFH soundings

Supersaturation in cloud

Measurement issue: Absolute accuracy

Mixing Ratio (ppmv) Pressure (hPa) Sep 2004 Sep 2005 Ft Sumner (~35ºN) Balloon comparisons Aura MLS / FIRS-2 / MkIV / NOAA FP Mixing Ratio (ppmv) Pressure (hPa) 1 Frostpoint vs balloon remote sensing

CFH vs ACE-FTS

CFH vs MLS

CFH vs FISH

CFH vs WB-57 instruments JPL TDL

CFH vs. FLASH TC4 Costa Rica August 2007

CFH vs. FLASH AMMA/Ticosonde Veranillo: Niger vs Costa Rica August 2006

CFH vs WB-57 instruments Harvard Lyman alpha

CFH must be considered an absolute reference instrument

Measurement issue: In (liquid) clouds

Measurement in clouds

Wet bias with liquid phase?

Comparison with groundbased GPS PWV

Condensate phase Liquid : Coarse frost: Fine frost:

Logistical issues: World wide coverage

CFH Observation sites (campaign based)

Instrument availability Instrument needs (low estimate): 6 sites (2 tropical, 2 mid latitude, 2 polar) 2x per month  144 soundings per year  Industrial manufacturing

Instrument availability BUT conflict of Business interests ProfitProfit Trade secretsTrade secrets Science interests Economical observationsEconomical observations Understanding of instrumentUnderstanding of instrument Open access policyOpen access policy

Discussion points CFH observations provide highest level of confidenceCFH observations provide highest level of confidence Improve confidence in observations by cross checks of observations (ground and balloon based, satellites, aircraft)Improve confidence in observations by cross checks of observations (ground and balloon based, satellites, aircraft) Science issues to be addressed need large number of soundingsScience issues to be addressed need large number of soundings Need to address industrial production issue, involvement of radiosonde manufacturersNeed to address industrial production issue, involvement of radiosonde manufacturers