T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business1 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Samiseppo Aarnikoivu Juha Winter

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business2 Contents Introduction3 Mobile Broadband Technologies4 Regulation Aspects11 Current Market Situation13 Vendor Strategies16 Future Development18 Conclusions19

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business3 Introduction Emerging telecommunications applications need broadband capabilities multimedia streaming, music download, on-line gaming, content browsing etc. Delivering these services effectively and affordably to the rural and mobile users is a key question Wireless WANs are seen as the solution Truly mobile broadband requires at least: low latency transfer speed exceeding 256 kbit/s seamless handovers between adjacent cells

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business4 Mobile Broadband Technologies a number of different BWA technologies for both fixed and mobile applications proprietary or open standards based varying maturity and availability already on the market vs. incomplete specification scope of our paper WiMAX, mobile WiMAX, IEEE , Flash- OFDM, and 3G (including HSDPA and TDD)

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business5 WiMAX specified in IEEE Std non-line-of-sight (NLoS) and line-of-sight (LoS) operation wide range of frequencies both licensed and unlicensed bands radio interface based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) enables data rates theoretically up to 75 Mbit/s with 20 MHz channel bandwidth, reality closer to 2 Mbit/s over 5  10 km

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business6 Mobile WiMAX specified in IEEE Std e-2005 operates in the 2 to 6 GHz range using channel bandwidth ranging from 1.25 to 10 MHz adds seamless mobility to WiMAX in competition with 3G cellular systems radio interface based on scalable OFDMA  even better link budget than with WiMAX/OFDM data rates theoretically up to MHz Korean variant: WiBro expected terminal availability by late 2006, wide scale deployments not until 2008

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business7 IEEE a standardization effort by IEEE Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Working Group efficient packet based air interface optimized for the transport of IP based services goal: enable worldwide deployment of affordable, always-on, and interoperable BWA networks for both business and residential end user markets similar to mobile WiMAX operation in licensed bands below 3.5 GHz peak user data rates exceeding 1 Mbit/s at speeds of up to 250 km/h specification process not complete

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business8 Flash-OFDM ”Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless Handoff OFDM”, proprietary technology developed by Flarion Technologies, acquired by Qualcomm radio interface based on OFDM in 1.25 MHz channels, frequency hopping utilized operation in licensed frequency bands (e.g., 450 MHz, 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 1.9 GHz, and 2.1 GHz) all-IP based network, low latency and enhanced QoS support user data rates of 1 to 1.5 Mbit/s in DL and around 300 to 500 kbit/s in UL, typical latency 50 ms

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business9 3G 3G cellular systems are currently the most widely deployed mobile broadband technology with a huge established presence HSDPA is a tremendous performance upgrade for UMTS packet data, enabling peak data rates up to 14.4 Mbit/s, although the initial limit is 1.8 Mbit/s 3GPP specifications also include a TDD version of UMTS where Tx and Rx functions alternate in time TDD requires only one band instead of two bands and a further guard band in FDD UMTS TDD is also known as TD-CDMA and has been commercialized by the vendor IP Wireless

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business10 Key Metrics TechnologyChannel BWCell radiusData rates (DL)RTT WiMAX 1.25  20 MHz 1  9 km (NLoS), 10  50 km (LoS) < 75 Mbit/s< 50 ms Mobile WiMAX 1.25  10 MHz2  5 km (typical) < 30 Mbit/s< 50 ms IEEE  ?? MHz MAN scale> 1 Mbit/sN/A Flash- OFDM 1.25 MHz 5  20 km (typical)1  1.5 Mbit/s 50 ms WCDMA/ HSDPA 5 MHz < 0.1 km, < 1 km, < 20 km 1.8  14.4 Mbit/s < 100 ms TD-CDMA 5 or 10 MHz 2.5  30 km (typical)1.5  3 Mbit/s < 50 ms

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business11 Regulation Aspects, 1/2 Almost all current BWA technologies are designed to operate in licensed frequency bands, although the available bands for them may differ across countries and regions Licensed bands allow operators to manage frequency planning For unlicensed bands, different techniques are needed Although CSMA is sufficient for Wi-Fi, a much more stringent radio access control mechanism is necessary for WiMAX

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business12 Regulation Aspects, 2/2 The selection of operating frequency affects not only cell radius but consequently also cost of coverage Lower frequency bands such as 450 and 700 MHz are attractive for nationwide BWA deployments

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business13 Current Market Situation, 1/3 Finland First WiMAX networks were deployed in the rural areas of North Ostrobothnia and Pirkanmaa during the first half of 2005, similar deployments followed later in South Savo UMTS FDD networks operated by TeliaSonera, Elisa, and DNA – Elisa with HSDPA capabilities UMTS TDD license granted to SkyWeb Flash-OFDM 450 MHz operating license granted to Digita in June 2006, deployment in progress

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business14 Current Market Situation, 2/3 Europe WiMAX deployments in the UK and Sweden HSDPA trials on-going, mass deployments to follow Middle East and Africa growth market for 3G, Kuwait already running HSDPA Americas WiMAX in many major US cities, in Canada over 100 rural/ urban areas covered, in Colombia HSDPA adopted by Cingular Wireless in the US, otherwise mostly dormant interest especially in Latin America Asia Pacific WiBro roll-outs in South Korea, Taiwan to follow HSDPA upgrades in Japan

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business15 Current Market Situation, 3/3 3G and fixed WiMAX are off to a good start in the developed markets, but many operators are faced with the difficult decision whether to wait for mobile WiMAX certified products

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business16 Vendor Strategies, 1/2 Chipset providers, infrastructure vendors and handset vendors all have varying approaches

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business17 Vendor Strategies, 2/2 Many vendors think that there is room for both technologies

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business18 Future Development 3GPP Release 6 HSUPA provides 5.76 Mbit/s uplink and RTT of ~50 ms Trials are expected to begin gradually and commercial deployment will happen in 2007 Medium-term enhancements MIMO (3GPP Release 7 as well as WiMAX) Network architecture improvements Mobile IP & SIP 3GPP LTE (Release 8) Peak data rates of 200 Mbit/s for downlink and 100 Mbit/s for uplink

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business19 Conclusions Mobile broadband wireless access is strongly entering the consumer markets Both HSDPA and mobile WiMAX enjoy widespread support among leading vendors and operators Proprietary solutions such as Flash-OFDM are more likely to end up as niche solutions Finland will provide an interesting reference market with all the major technologies represented User experience is the focus area Consumers need not know what network they are using as long as their services work Driving the vision of complementary access methods

T Research Seminar on Telecommunications Business20 Thank You! Questions?