HTML Authoring and Web Publishing Minder Chen, Ph.D. mchen@gmu.edu HTML Authoring Tools/Editors Web Publisher External Applications Non-HTTP objects CGI: Common Gateway Interface Web Server Web Browser Internet Global Reach Broad Range Client End User Web Master Server

Course Description The basic architecture of the World Wide Web (WWW) and its implications to business people, IS professionals and end users is the focus of this course. Basic HTML (HyperText Markup Language) tags for defining document structure and appearance, for defining anchors and hyperlinks, plus advanced HTML features including tables, images, forms, and frames will be explained. Participants will create their own web page in the computer lab using HTML authoring tools. Issues on Web page design and style, as well as how to promote a home page will be discussed.

Course Outline Introduction to World Wide Web HyperText Markup Language: Basic Tags Anchors, Links, and Uniform Resource Locator Images and Image Links Tables Multimedia Contents Forms HTML Extensions Frames Web Publishing Class Project Solutions

References HTML Online Resources: Laura Lemay, Teach Yourself Web Publishing With HTML 4 in 21 Days, Professional Reference Edition, 2nd Edition, SAMS, Feb. 2000. HTML Online Resources: B&N http://www.affiliates.net/affnet/traffic.asp Introduction to HTML http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Internet/WWW/HTMLPrimer.html HTML Resources: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/ HTML 3.2: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Wilbur/ http://wdvl.internet.com/Authoring/HTML/4/Tags/ http://www.htmlcompendium.org/ http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/reference/html_cheatsheet/ HTML-kit: An HTML editor http://www.chami.com/html-kit/#download

The Architecture of WWW HTML documents Web Browser HTTP TCP/IP Client End User Internet or Intranet Web Server

WWW: What Is It? The World Wide Web (WWW) is a breakthrough in new technology designed to enable global, distributed information systems. From a user's perspective, the Web is a collection of documents, or pages, which contain text, images, and hypertext links to other pages. WWW merges the techniques of information retrieval and hypertext to create a powerful global information system. By simply pointing and clicking, the user has instant access to a mind-boggling collection of information, distributed across the globe. From an information providers point of view, the Web is an easy and efficient way of distributing any kind of information to a very large audience. Nobody is certain of how many users are on the Internet, but estimates start at 20 million.

Key Elements of Web Hypertext: Non-linear links to anchors of the same document, or to different documents on the same or different web site. Using HTML (HyperText Markup Language) links and anchors Relying on URL (Uniform Resource Locators) addressing scheme Multimedia: graphics, video, sound, etc. Web browser can access networked hypermedia. Hypermedia access of the web browser is facilitated by helper applications, plug-ins, or document viewers. Network: Global reach and "Universal" access Based on TCP/IP protocol.

Client-Server Model of http 1 Requesting a document via a URL address Connection open helper app helper app helper app helper app helper app Web Site Web Server Internet or Intranet Web Client Web contents HTML documents Images Animation Video clips Sound bites Java applets Java Scripts CGI scripts Database access 2 Static Returning MIME-compliance document Connection close Dynamic MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension

HTTP HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol Characteristics: Runs on top of TCP/IP Has a comprehensive addressing scheme, i.e. URL An extensible and open representation for data type, using MIME header Has a stateless protocol. There is no memory between client connections. Is efficient Is portable Possible extensions, Secure HTTP (SHPPT), SSL, HTTP-Next Generation

The Extended Framework of WWW HTML Authoring Tools/Editors External Applications Non-HTTP objects Web Designer & Publisher ColdFusion, CGI (Perl) ASP & ASP.NET JAVA Servlet Java Server Pages Java Applet JavaScript Web Programmer Web Browser Internet Global Reach Broad Range Web Server Client Web Master End User

Roadmap to the Web Master Fast Track Curriculum HTML Advanced HTML & Web Technologies Overview Foundations FrontPage 163 hrs Content Development Web Programming Server Administration Database-Bound Web SQL ColdFusion IIS Web Server FTP Server Web Site Analysis Internet Security PhotoShop Flash DHTML with DreamWeaverMX & JavaScript Web Design Process XML Active Server Pages Web User Interface Design ASP.NET Web Group Project

image list table form link <html> <head> <title> HTML Sampler Web Page </title> </head> <body> <h1>HTML Sampler</h1> <img src="eyes.gif"><br> <b> List: </b> <ul> <li> Item 1 <li> <font size=+2>Item 2</font> <li> <i>Item 3</i> </ul> <table border=1> <tr> <th> Name</th> <th>Speciality </th> </tr> <tr> <td> Minder Chen</td> <td>MIS </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Justin Chen</td> <td>Aerospace </td> </tr> </table> <p> A sample of a form: <form method="post" action="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/post-query" > Name: <input type="text" size=20> <br> <input type="checkbox" name="html" value="YES"> Know HTML <br> <b><input type="submit" value="Submit your data"></b> </form> <hr> Developed by <a href="http://www.erols.com/aitc/"> Advanced IT Consulting</a> </body></html> image list table form link

Web Site Management Tool Document source Web Authoring Environment Line Art Drawing Tool Digital Image Tool HTML Converter Graphic File Conversion Tool WYSIWYG HTML Editor HTML Source Editor HTML Validation Tools image file .gif or .jpeg HTML File Multimedia Authoring Tool <img src="abc.gif"> video/sound file .mov, .avi, ... <a href="def.mov"> Web Site Management Tool Local Developer Workstation ftp tool Web Hosting Environment Web Server

Element Anatomy of a Tag <H1 ALIGN="CENTER"> HTML Tutorial </H1> <H1 ALIGN='CENTER'> HTML Tutorial </H1> <H1 ALIGN=CENTER> HTML Tutorial </H1> <H1 ALIGN="CENTER" > HTML Tutorial </H1> Attribute=value Closing tag Opening tag Element

A Simple HTML Document <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>The title shows up on your Web Browser</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> </BODY> </HTML>

Basic Tools and Editing Process From Start button Choose Programs Choose Accessories Choose WordPad Enter your HTML code Save it as Text File Choose "Text Document" Format Name the file with .htm extension Open the Internet Explorer Choose File / Open Page … Choose the file you just saved Open the file to view it Go back to edit your HTML code Use ALT-TAB key to switch back to the browser Click "Reload" button to refresh it Use ALT-TAB key to switch back to the Editor

Solution: Create a Web Page Save it at c:\temp\index.htm <html><head><title>Advanced IT Consulting</title></head><body> <h1>AITC Web Site</h1> <ul> <li>Company Introduction <li>Products <li>How to Contact us <li>Online HTML Resources </ul> Developed by Advanced IT Consulting <br> Contact us by email at aitc@erols.com </body></html> AITC Web Site Company Introduction Products How to Contact us Online HTML Resources Developed by Advanced IT Consulting contact us at aitc@erols.com

HTML Authoring Tools HTML Editor HTML Conversion Tool Notepad / WordPad AOLPress (www.aolpress.com) HTML-Kit (www.chami.com/html-kit/) HTML Assistant Pro (www.brooknorth.com) HotMetal from SoftQuad (www.sq.com) HotDog from Sausage Software (www.sausage.com) Netscape Communicator (www.netscape.com) PageMill from Adobe Microsoft FrontPage Macromedia Dreamweaver Recommendation: Use first a WYSIWYG authoring tool for common tasks and use another non-WYSIWYG authoring tool for advanced features not currently supported by the first tool. HTML Conversion Tool HTML Syntax Validation Tool (www.w3.org/MarkUp/html-test/) Web Site Development Environment (e.g., FrontPage)

HTML Editors HTML documents are in plain (also known as ASCII) text format and can be created using any text editor. Free HTML editors: Netscape Composer in Netscape Communicator FrontPage Express in Internet Explorer 5.0 HTML editors: WYSIWYG HTML editors: FrontPage Non-WYSIWYG HTML editors: HTML Assistant Pro

FrontPage Express Install Internet Explore 5.0 Use customized installation: Under Web Authoring tools: Choose FrontPage Express FrontPage Express can be accessed from the Edit button of IE or from Accessories / Internet Tools

Class Project Web Site Home Page Web Page C:\temp\index.htm AITC Web Site Company Introduction Products How to Contact us Online HTML Resources Developed by Advanced IT Consulting contact us at aitc@erols.com profile.htm AITC AITC Introduction AITC is ….. Guest Book Entry: Name: Know HTML contact.htm product.htm AITC Employees Minder Chen Bruce Johnson Terry Smith 703-334-4566 [Index] 703-334-4577 Product Listing ID Name Price 100 TV $250 200 PC $999 210 XY $234 [Home | Intro | Product | Contact] Submit Resume Web Site Home Page Web Page

Introduction to HTML Most web pages on the World Wide Web are created in a standard document format know as Hypertext Markup Language, or HTML. In practical terms, HTML is a collection of styles (indicated by markup tags) that define the various components of a World Wide Web document. HTML was invented by Tim Berners-Lee while at CERN. The "Hypertext" in HTML is the links that allow you to surf from one document to the next on the World Wide Web. All Web browsing tools like Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Netscape Navigator, read HTML documents and allow you to browse these documents by traversing these links. Not all browsing tools interpret or display HTML in the exact same way. This is why some pages look different in one browser than they do in another. It is important to keep this in mind when you are creating your web pages. Test your web pages on different browsers.

Element Anatomy of a Tag <H1 ALIGN="CENTER"> HTML Tutorial </H1> <H1 ALIGN='CENTER'> HTML Tutorial </H1> <H1 ALIGN=CENTER> HTML Tutorial </H1> <H1 ALIGN="CENTER" > HTML Tutorial </H1> Attribute=value Closing tag Opening tag Element

HTML Elements' General Syntax <tag_name> text </tag_name> <title> This is a title </title> <b> Boldface </b> <tag_name> Singleton Tags <br> <br /> <p> </p> closing </p> is optional <hr> <tag_name attribute=value> text </tag_name> <a name="home"> This Is the Top </a> <HR WIDTH=50% ALIGN='left' SIZE=12> <HR WIDTH=50% ALIGN=center SIZE=3> <HR WIDTH=100% ALIGN=left SIZE=6 NOSHADE>

Basic Elements of HTML Coding Basic Markup Tags Titles Headings Paragraphs Lists Unnumbered Lists Numbered Lists Definition Lists Nested Lists Preformatted Text: <pre> Extended Quotes Addresses Line Breaks Horizontal Rules <hr> <br> and <nobr> Character Formatting Physical Versus Logical: Use Logical Tags When Possible Using Character Tags: <b> <i> Special Characters Escape Sequences

HTML Tags: Document Structure <HTML></HTML>: start and end of HTML document <HEAD></HEAD>: document meta-information start and end <BODY></BODY>: content of document displayed by the browser

Headings: Level 1 to 6 Xxxxx dsfdsfdsf sadsdsad 2.1 sadsad 2.2 ddddd <html> <head> <title>Headings </title> </head> <body> <h1>Heading 1 (Top Level)</h1> <h2>Heading 2</h2> <h3>Heading 3</h3> <h4>Heading 4</h4> <h5>Heading 5</h5> <h6>Heading 6 (Bottom Level) </h6> </body> </html> Xxxxx dsfdsfdsf sadsdsad 2.1 sadsad 2.2 ddddd 2.2.1 xxxx sssss Don’t use the <h1>...<h6> to manipulate your font size. Use <font> tag Use <big>Test</big> or <small>Test</small>

Physical and Logical Styles in HTML If physical and logical styles produce the same result on the screen, why are there both? It is because of the philosophy of SGML, which can be summed in a Zen-like mantra: "Trust your browser.'' In the ideal HTML universe, content is divorced from presentation. Thus, HTML tags a level-one heading as a level-one heading, but does not specify that the level-one heading should be displayed. The advantage of this approach (it's similar in concept to style sheets in many word processors) is that if you decide to change level-one headings to be 20-point left-justified Helvetica, all you have to do is change the definition of the level-one heading in the presentation device (i.e., your World Wide Web browser) or cascading style sheet (CSS). The other advantage of logical tags is that they help enforce consistency in your documents. It's easier to tag something as <H1> than to remember that level-one headings are 24-point bold Times or whatever. The same is true for character styles. For example, consider the <STRONG> tag. Most browsers render it in bold text. However, it is possible that a reader would prefer that these sections be displayed in red instead. Logical styles offer this flexibility.

Logical Styles <DFN>: for a word being defined. Typically displayed in italics. (NCSA Mosaic is a World Wide Web browser.) <EM>: for emphasis. Typically displayed in italics. (Watch out for pickpockets.) <CITE>: for titles of books, films, etc. Typically displayed in italics. (A Beginner's Guide to HTML) <CODE>: for snippets of computer code. Displayed in a fixed-width font. (The <stdio.h> header file) <KBD>: for user keyboard entry. Should be displayed in a bold fixed-width font, but many browsers render it in the plain fixed-width font. (Enter passwd to change your password.) <SAMP>: for computer status messages. Displayed in a fixed-width font. (Segmentation fault: Core dumped.) <STRONG>: for strong emphasis. Typically displayed in bold. (Important) <VAR>: for a "metasyntactic'' variable, where the user is to replace the variable with a specific instance. Typically displayed in italics. (rm filename deletes the file.)

Physical Styles Examples: <b>Boldface</b> <B>: bold text <I>: italic text <U>: Underline text (Don’t use it) <TT>: typewriter text, e.g. fixed-width font <PRE>: Use a non-proportional font to maintain the white spaces, tabs, and carriage returns. Examples: <b>Boldface</b> <PRE> This is a tabbed line </pre> Correct: <b> <i> Boldface and italic </i> </b> Incorrect: <i> <b> Boldface and italic </i> </b>

Logical and Physical Styles <H3>Physical Styles</H3> <I>Italic</I> <BR><B>Bold</B> <BR><U>Underline</U> <BR><TT>Type writer font</TT> <BR><B><I>Bold and Italic</I></B> <BR><STRIKE>Strikethrough</STRIKE> <BR><BLINK>Blink in Netscape Browser</BLINK> <BR><marquee>Maruqee sign in Internet Explorer</marquee> <H3>Logical Styles</H3> <SUB>Subscirpt</SUB> and <SUP>Superscript</SUP> <BR><em>emphasis</em> <BR><strong>strong</strong> <BR><TT>sample</TT> <BR><code>code such as main() { }</code> <BR><kbd>keyboard</kbd> <BR><var>variable xyz, abc,</var> <BR><cite>citation</cite> <ADDRESS> 100 Main Street, Major City, MD 20817</ADDRESS>

Paragraph The browser ignores any indentations or blank lines in the source text. HTML relies almost entirely on the tags for formatting instructions, and without the <P> tags, the document becomes one large paragraph. <p>...</p> The closing tag </p> is optional <p> Start a new paragraph <p align=center> HTML 3.0 feature <br> Force a line break <!-- This is a comment line --> <h1 align=center>...</h1> <center>...</center> <nobr> Do not wrap the enclosed text </nobr>   Force a space character

Paragraph: To Break or No To Break <NOBR>This is a paragraph. Spaces, line breaks, empty lines do not work in HTML documents.</NOBR> You need to use line break tag <br>.  This line has a line break. <BR>This line is followed by a horizontal line. <HR> <PRE>Another paragraph after <hr> the <hr></PRE> This is another paragraph with extra      space.

Horizontal Lines <HR> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Horizontal Line </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <HR> <!-- Netscape extensions --> <HR WIDTH=50% ALIGN=left SIZE=12> <HR WIDTH=50% ALIGN=center SIZE=3> <HR WIDTH=100% ALIGN=left SIZE=6 NOSHADE> </BODY> </HTML>

Listing HTML supplies five list elements. With the exception of DL, list elements are composed of one or more LI (list item) elements. You can nest lists by inserting a UL, OL, etc., inside a list item (LI). Five list types: OL: ordered list. Items in this list are numbered automatically by the browser. The numbering will reflect nesting levels. UL: unordered list. Items in this list start with a list mark such as a bullet. Browsers will usually change the list mark in nested lists. MENU: menu list. This is an unordered list. Each LI element in this kind of list should be no longer than one line. DIR: directory list. This is an unordered list. Each LI element in this kind of list should be no longer than 24 characters. DL: list of definitions. This is an unordered list. This kind of list is different from the others. Each `item' in a DL consists of one or more terms (DT elements), followed by definitions (DD elements).

Unordered Lists: <UL>, <LI>, </UL> <html> <head> <title>Listing </title> </head> <body> <p> <h3>A Simple Unordered List</h3> <ul> <li>First item <li>Second Item </ul> <h3>Multiple Level & Unordered List</h3> <li>Level 1 <li>Level 1.1 <li>Level 1.2 <li>Level 2 <li>Level 2.1 <li>Level 2.2 </body> </html> <UL>...</UL> Netscape Extended Attribute: TYPE="..." DISC, CIRCLE, SQUARE <UL TYPE="SQUARE"> …. </UL>

Ordered Lists: <OL>, <LI>, </OL> <html> <head> <title>Ordered Listing </title> </head> <body> <p> <h3>A Simple Ordered List</h3> <ol> <li>First item <li>Second Item </ol> <h3>Multiple Level & Ordered List</h3> <li>Level 1 <li>Level 1.1 <li>Level 1.2 <li>Level 2 <li>Level 2.1 <li>Level 2.2 <li>Mixing order and unorder list <ul> <li>Level 3.1 <li>Level 3.2 </ul> </body> </html> <OL>...</OL> Netscape Extended Attributes: TYPE="..." A, a, I, i, 1 Start="2" The value to start the list with e.g., <OL type="A" start="3"> <li> … <li> … </OL>

Menu List: <menu> <li> <\menu> <html> <head> <title>Menu </title> </head> <body> <p> <h3>A Simple Menu</h3> <menu> <li>First menu item <li>Second menu item </menu> <h3>Multiple Level Menu</h3> <li>Level 1 <li>Level 1.1 <li>Level 1.2 <li>Level 2 <li>Level 2.1 <li>Level 2.2 </body> </html>

Glossary: <DL>, <DT>, <DD> </DL> <html> <head> <title>Glossary </title> </head> <body> <p> <h3>WWW Glossary</h3> <dl> <dt> HTML <dd> HyperText Markup Language. HTML is a markup language that is used to define web pages. <dt> URL <dd> Uniform Resource Locator. URL is used to locate (specify the address) a document (or resource) on the WWW. <dt> WWW <dd> World Wide Web. An Internet-based networked hypertext system. </dl> </body> </html> DL: Definition List DT: Definition Term DD: Definition Description

Special Characters There are four characters that have special meanings in HTML. When you want to use them, you need to have a special sequence pf characters (escape sequence) to represent them. These four characters are: < (the left angle bracket) > (the right angle bracket) & (ampersand) " (quotation marks)

Escape Sequences HTML includes character combinations, called escape sequences, to represent these characters in an HTML document, They are: < (the escape sequence for <) > (the escape sequence for >) & (the escape sequence for &) " (the escape sequence for “)   (the escape sequence for space character) To display <HR> as it is in an HTML document, you should write it in the following two ways: <HR> <xmp><HR></xmp> Note: It is important to note that escape sequence are case-sensitive , unlike all other HTML tags.

More Escape Sequences There are many more escape sequences for non-ASCII characters. Some of the more common ones are: ö (the escape sequence for a lowercase o with an umlaut, ö) &ntild; (the escape sequence for lowercase n with a title; ñ) È (the escape sequence for an uppercase E with a grave accent; è) © (Netscape extension for ©) ® (Netscape extension for ®) Reference for special characters: http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/reference/special_characters/

Document Meta Tags <TITLE></TITLE>: document title; goes in <HEAD> session. <BASE href="URL">: base reference, the full URL of the current document; goes in HEAD <HTML><HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Minder Chen"> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Mozilla/4.03 [en] [Netscape]"> <META NAME="Keywords" CONTENT="HTML, hypertext, aitc"> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="HTML tutorial for everyone"> <TITLE>test</TITLE></HEAD> For traditional Chinese: <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=big5" >

Exercise: Contact Page contact.htm <html><head><title>AITC Contact Information</title></head> <body> <b>[ Home | Profile | Product | Contact | Resource ]</b> <h1>AITC Contacts</h1> <ul> <li>Minder Chen <li>Bruce Johnson <li>Robert Smith </ul> <hr size=6> Minder Chen<br> 703-334-4566<br> <p> Bruce Johnson<br> 703-334-4577<br> Robert Smith<br> 703-334-5555<br> <p><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> </body></html>

Hypertext and Links Introduction to hypertext Intra-document Links and Anchors Inter-document Links URL Images and Inline image Image links Image map

Introduction to Hypertext Definition of hypertext: "A combination of natural language text with the computer's capacity for interactive branching, or dynamic display... of a nonlinear text." -- Ted Nelson The idea of hypertext system can be traced back to Vannevar Bush, President Roosevelt's Sciences Advisor, 1945 article "As We May Think" in which he described the idea of mechanize the scientific literature system. Now hypertext really means hypermedia that include not just text, but also audio, graphic, video, etc. Hypertext documents on WWW usually are stored in a special format called HTML, stands for HyperText Markup Language. A window will be used to view part of the hypertext document retrieved. On your Netscape Browser, the underlying HTML link to another Web document will be displayed at the message bar when you move mouse pointer over a link.

Intra-document (Internal) Hypertext Links Intra-document hyperlink links Section 1: aaa This is section 1 ... Back to the Table of Content Section 2: bbb This is section 2 Viewing area of the document Table of contents Section 1: aaa Section 2: bbb Section 3: ccc

Inter-document (External) Hypertext Links ... Link to document 2 Document2 ... Link to Section D of Doc3 A B C D an image map link an image link Document2 ... Section D Link to Document1 Toolbox Document Hammer ... Screw Driver ....

Hypertext Links Anchor: <a name="anchor"></a> Hyperlink: A hypertext link is a pointer pointing to another document or another part of the current document. These linked documents can be on the same WWW server or on WWW servers distributed globally. Hypertext links are represented as a purple color and underlined texts, or as a graphic object (inline graphics). When you move the mouse cursor over a hypertext link, the mouse cursor will change from a pointer to a pointing hand. You may use Image Maps such that different parts of the graphic representing links to different documents. Anchor: <a name="anchor"></a> Hyperlink: <a href="URL#anchor">Hot words</a>

Linking and Anchoring y.htm x.htm <html> … <html> <body> <h1>Section 1</h1> <a href="#sec2"> Go to Section 2</a> <a name="sec2"></a> <h1>Section 2<h1> </body> </htm> <html> … <body> <a href="y.htm">Top of y</a> <a href="y.htm#sec2"> Section 2 of y</a> </body> </htm>

Example: Internal Link <ul> <li> <a href="#minder">Minder Chen</a> <li>Bob Johnson </ul> <a name="minder"></a>Minder Chen<br> 703-999-8888<br>

External Link Using Relative URL index.htm Contact <a href="contact.htm#johnson">Bruce Johnson</a> for web problems. contact.htm <a name=" johnson "></a> Bruce Johnson<br> 703-334-4577<br>

Contact.htm <html><head><title>AITC Contact Information</title></head> <body><a name="top"><a><h1>AITC Contacts</h1> <ul> <li><a href="#chen">Minder Chen</a> <li><a href="#johnson">Bruce Johnson</a> <li><a href="#smith">Robert Smith</a> </ul> <hr width=6> <a name="chen"></a> Minder Chen<br> 703-334-4566<br> [ <a href="#top">Index </a>] <p> <a name="johnson"></a> Bruce Johnson<br> 703-334-4577<br> <a name="smith"></a> Robert Smith<br> 703-334-5555<br> <p><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> </body></html>

Netscape Communicator (Composer)

Defining a Link in Netscape Composer

Use a Relative URL Examples: Reasons to use relative URLs <a href="http://www.aitc.com/~mchen/fileX.htm"> Another file in the same directory</a> Can be written as <a href="fileX.htm">Another file in the same directory</a> <a href="subdir/fileY.htm">Another file in the subdirectory under current document's directory</a> Reasons to use relative URLs Less typing is required to enter them. If you move all the files to a different location but keep the same directory structure you don't have to revise the URLs. The same file referred to by a relative URL can be accessed by different schemes (for example both 'http' and 'ftp').

Document Directory Structure Web document root y.htm (in the html folder) <a href="/html/y.htm">Root relative path</a> <a href="../y.htm">Document relative path</a> x.htm (<a href="x.htm">in the same folder</a>) 10_link.htm (Current Document) 10_test.htm (<a href="webpub/10_test.htm"></a>) oracle.htm (<a href="../../nvcc/oracle.htm"></a>

Relative URL

Links Between Documents <html> <head> <title>Links with Relative URLs </title> </head> <body> <h2>Links with Relative URLs</a></h2> <h3>Links to another file on the same web site and in the same directory </h3> <ul> <li>Go to another document in the same directory <li><a href="10_link.htm">Go to the Anchors and Hyperlinks</a> <br> <li><xmp><a href="10_link.htm">Go to the Anchors and Hyperlinks</a> <br></xmp> </ul> <li>Go to an anchor of another document in the same directory <li><a href="10_link.htm#section2">Go to Section 2 of the Anchors and Hyperlinks</a> <br> <li><xmp><a href="10_link.htm#section2">Go to the Section 2 of the Anchors and Hyperlinks</a> <br></xmp> <h3>Links to another file on the same web site but in a different directory </h3> <li>Go to a document in a subdirectory directory of the current directory <li><a href="webpub/10_test.htm">Go to a 10_test.htm in the subdirectory /webpub under /tutor </a> <li><xmp><a href="webpub/10_test.htm">Go to 10_test.htm </a></xmp> in a subdirectory webpub under /tutor <li>Go to a document in a different directory <li><a href="../../nvcc/oracle.htm">Go to Oracle training</a> <li><xmp><a href="../../nvcc/oracle.htm">Go to Oracle training</a> </xmp> </body> </html>

Creating Links from Bookmarks in Netscape Composer Drag-and-drop a bookmark item into the HTML document in the editing mode.

URL: Uniform Resource Locator Uniform Resource Locator: A standard method of identifying any document or resource on the Internet. The port number can generally be omitted. The default http port name is 80. Unless someone tells you otherwise, leave it out. In http, if filename is omitted, a default file such as index.html may be retrieved. http://www.aitc.com/mydoc/ http://www.aitc.com:80/mydoc/index.html Directory path name may be case sensitive.

Resource Types More examples: Resource types: http: A file on a World Wide Web server ftp: A file on an anonymous FTP server mailto: Send an e-mail to an e-mail address file: A file on your local system gopher: A file on a Gopher server WAIS: A file on a WAIS server news: An Usenet newsgroup telnet: A connection to a Telnet-based service More examples: ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Web gopher:make.up.something news:comp.databases.oracle mailto:aitc@erols.com telnet://osf1.gmu.edu Send an email (aitc@erols.com) to <a href="mailto:aitc@erols.com"> Minder Chen</a>

Defining Absolute Hyperlinks: <a href="URL"> Hot words </a> <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Hyperlinks to other web sites</TITLE></HEAD><BODY> <H2>Using Absolute URLs </H2> <P>Absolute URLs are used to define links to resources on other web sites. </P> <UL> <LI><A href="http://www.aitc.com/~mchen/justin/spelling.htm#week1">Justin's first week's spelling </A> <br> <LI><A href="http://www.yahoo.com/">Yahoo Directory</A><br> <LI><a href="ftp://ftp.sausage.com/download.zip">Download hotdog HTML editor software</a><br> </UL></BODY></HTML> <BASE href="URL"> Set the absolute URL against which all other relative URLs are resolved.

Include Inline Images <HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>Image </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <H2>Include images in your HTML documents:<xmp><IMG SRC="image.gif"></xmp></H2> <IMG SRC="money.gif"> How to make money on WWW? <br> <IMG SRC="phone.gif" ALIGN=TOP> Call us! <IMG SRC="phone.gif" ALIGN=MIDDLE> Call us! <IMG SRC="phone.gif" ALIGN=BOTTOM> Call us! <br> <IMG SRC="phone.gif" ALT="[an image of phone]"> Call us! </BODY></HTML>

ALIGN

Download Image Files Click right mouse button on top of an image in a web page

Example Small Lion: <img src="http://www.erols.com/aitc/slion.gif"><br> Big Lion: <img src="http://www.erols.com/aitc/blion.gif"><br> Hot image using a thumb nail image to link to a larger image: <a href="http://www.erols.com/aitc/blion.gif"> <img src="http://www.erols.com/aitc/slion.gif"> </a>

Netscape Composer: Defining IMG Tag’s Attributes

<img> syntax <img src="slion.gif" align=left> Text float around the image that is placed on the left. <img src="slion.gif" align=right> <br clear="all | left | right | none"> Break the floating text. Clear="left": The next line begins at the nearest line at either margin following any floating objects.

Defining Image Link in Netscape Composer

Using IMG Tag Image Link: Advanced IMG Tag Attributes: <IMG SRC="nvcclogo.gif" LOWSRC="low_resolution.gif" ALT="NVCC Logo" BORDER=0 HEIGHT=32 WIDTH=32 ALIGN=LEFT> Image Link: <A HREF="http://www.aitc.com/"> <IMG SRC="AITCLOGO.gif"></A>

Image File Types GIF (pronounced as jiff): Graphics Interchange Format. Limited to 256 colors. Unisys owns the copyright of the LZW compression algorithm. GIF87 GIF89a supports transparency and interlacing Animated GIF: Use tools such as Microsoft GIF Animator at http://www.microsoft.com/imagecomposer/ JPEG (pronounced jay-peg): Joint Photographic Experts Images. Good for photographic images. Use thumbnail for big image file. Use interlacing for big files. Cut down number of colors used to reduce file size. 8 bit/pixel resolution is 256 colors. Max 5 seconds download time per page.

Examples of Using Images

HTML Code <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Find and Use Images and Icons</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <a href="http://www.yahoo.com/computers/multimedia/pictures/clip_art/"> Clip art collection on Yahoo</a> <br> <img src="left.gif"> <img src="right.gif"> <img src="down.gif"> <img src="up.gif"> <img src="top.gif"> <img src="eyes.gif"> <br> <img src="ball2blue.gif"> Go back to where you are! <img src="goback.gif"> <br> <img src="ball2blue.gif"> Money grows! <img src="money1.gif"> <br> <img src="ball2blue.gif"> Using thumbnail <a href="nailbig.gif"><img src="nailsmll.gif">with Interlace </a><br> <a href="nailbig2.gif"><img src="nailsmll.gif"> Without interlace</a><br> </BODY> </HTML>

Link to an External Image File Text link to an external image file <a href="nailbig.gif"> Go to nail</a> A thumbnail image link to an external image file <a href="nailbig.gif"><img src="nailsmll.gif"></a> Both thumbnail image link and text link to an external image file <a href="nailbig.gif"><img src="nailsmll.gif">Go to nail</a>

Graphic and Image Tools Shareware product: Paint Shop Pro for Windows 95/NT 4.0 from JASC, Inc. at http://www.jasc.com/pspdl.html Resizing File format conversion Use tools such as Adobe Illustrator for more complicated drawings (www.adobe.com) Adobe Photoshop has been the definitive application for digital image enhancement, retouching, and photo composition and it is also the de facto standard for preparing images for the World Wide Web. Hardware: Scanner, Digital Camera, or Video capturing system

Tables: <TABLE > </TABLE> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE> Tables </TITLE> </HEAD> <H3>Tables </H3> <BODY> A basic table that has three columns and two rows. <TABLE BORDER> <TR> <TD>A</TD> <TD>B</TD> <TD>C</TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>D</TD> <TD>E</TD> <TD>F</TD> </TR> </TABLE> </BODY> </HTML> TD: Table Data TR: Table Row TH: Table Header (Header Cell)

Product.htm TH: Table Header (Header Cell) <HTML><HEAD><TITLE> AITC Products </TITLE></HEAD> <BODY>Product Table <TABLE BORDER=3> <TR><TH>ID</TH> <TH width=150>Name</TH> <TH >Price</TH> <TH>Comment</TH></TR> <TR><TD>PC100</TD><TD>Compaq Computer</TD><TD align=right>$2,000</TD> <TD><a href="http://www.compaq.com/">Compaq's Web Site</a></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD>TV25</TD> <TD>25 " Sony TV</TD> <TD align=right>$300</TD> <TD> </TD> </TR> <TR valign=top> <TD>Pet001</TD> <TD>Little Lion</TD> <TD>$50</TD> <TD><img src="slion.gif"></TD> </TR> <TR><TD colspan=4>10% discount off the list price today</TD></TR> </TABLE> </BODY></HTML> TH: Table Header (Header Cell)

Editing a Table in Netscape Composer

New Table Creation

Netscape Composer: Cell Properties

More Table Examples <HTML><HEAD><TITLE> Tables </TITLE></HEAD> <BODY> <H3>Tables </H3> <TABLE BORDER> <CAPTION ALIGN=top>Table 1. WWW Course Grade Analysis</CAPTION> <TR><TH ROWSPAN=2></TH><TH ></TH> <TH COLSPAN=2>Degree</TH> </TR> <TR><TH></TH> <TH>MBA</TH><TH>Others</TH></TR> <TR><TH ROWSPAN=2>Gender</TH> <TH>Males</TH><TD>3.5</TD><TD>3.1</TD> <TR><TH>Females</TH><TD>3.6</TD><TD>3.4</TD> </TABLE> </BODY></HTML> <caption align="top | bottom | left | right"> Immediately following the table opening tag.

External Sounds and Animation If you want to do the animation, video and audio, you need other multimedia applications development tools. You can use your own favorite applications tools to design your own graphics , audio, videos and so on by giving proper file extension.

Common MIME File Types for Multimedia Documents The Netscape browser will be able to recognize the file followed by these extensions AIFF sound .au JPEG graphic .jpeg or .jpg MPEG movie .mpeg or .mpg PostScript document .ps QuickTime movie .mov WAVE sound .wav AIFF: Audio Interchange File Format MPEG: Moving Picture Experts Group 5-seconds of audio Size Format 36KB WAV 4KB RealAudio 14.4 8KB RealAudio 28.8

Configure Your Browser for Viewing Multimedia Documents In Netscape: General Preferences|Helpers Use the General Helpers preferences panel to create or reconfigure how a file's format maps to a external helper application. Netscape has the built-in capability to interpret and display several formats, including the HTML format used by HTTP servers. Helper applications are used by Netscape to interpret files that it has retrieved but is unable to read. You can designate MIME file types (a method of differentiating file formats using a suffix appended to a file name), helper applications and their associated actions. When you display the Helpers general preferences panel, you see a scrolling text field that lists the file formats and helper applications available to Netscape.

Define Helper Apps: Edit / Preferences...

Linking to External Multimedia Files Point to site to download the required helper application Specify File Size Explicitly

HTML Code Correct File Type <html> <head> <title>777 Virtual Tour</title> </head> <body> <h1>777 Virtual Tour</h1> <img src="/gif/777.gif"> <p> In order to take the virtual tour of the 777, you'll need QuickTime VR software on your computer. Click here to retrieve <a href="http://qtvr.quicktime.apple.com/">QuickTime VR</a> and instructions on how to load it onto your machine. Then come back and take the tour! <ul> <li><a href="/qtvr/777fd.mov">Tour the flight deck of the 777</a>. (155K) <li><a href="/qtvr/777in.mov">Tour the spacious first class interior of the 777</a>. (155k) </ul> <hr> </body></html> Correct File Type

Using <object> Tag for Multimedia Objects HTML 4.0 <html><head> <title>MPEG Video</title></head> <body> <object data="test.mpg" type="video/mpeg"> Demo of a movie</object> </body></html> <embed src="test.mpg"> Demo of a movie </embed> <html><head><title>MPEG Video</title> </head><body> <a href="test.mpg">Demo of a movie<a> <embed src="test.mpg" HEIGHT=300 WIDTH=200> Demo of a movie </embed> </body></html> Test.mpg can be found at http://www.erols.com/aitc/html/test.mpg

Forms Support interactive applications: Guest Books, User Survey, Online Shopping, etc. Need to use CGI scripts to process form inputs No local input data validation: client-side scripting using VB Script or JavaScript may allow you to perform local input data validation

Profile.htm: First Version <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Form</TITLE> </HEAD><BODY><H1> Guest Book </H1> <FORM ACTION="http:// 65.168.115.6 /asp/formtest.asp" METHOD="POST"> Name: <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="GuestName" MAXLENGTH="30"> <BR> <INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="Submit profile"> <INPUT TYPE="reset" VALUE="Reset profile"> </FORM></BODY></HTML> <HTML><head><title>Form Test</title></head> <BODY> <h1>Form Data Submitted</h1> <table border=3> <% Response.Write _ "<TR><TH>Form Variable Name</TH><TH>Form Data Value</TH></TR>" Set Params = Request.Form For Each p in Params Response.Write "<TR><TD>" & p & "</TD><TD>" & _ Params(p) & " </TD></TR>" Next %> </table> </body></html>

Sample Form HTML Page

Using Server-Side Script to Process User Inputs via Form Request an HTML form Return the requested form Data and environment variables forwarded to a CGI or server-side script Data submitted by user Web Browser Web Server Server-side script Return output to server Forward output to Browser

Form Elements The Form tag: Form tag attributes: Form elements tags: <FORM ACTION="URL">… form elements … </FORM> Form tag attributes: ACTION METHOD: GET: default, fill-out form contents are appended to the URL. POST: Fill-out form contents are sent to the server in a data body. Form elements tags: INPUT tag: specify a simple input element inside a form. SELECT tag: List box or dropdown list box TEXTAREA tag: Multiple line text box input

INPUT Tag Example: TYPE Last Name: <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="LastName" SIZE=20> TYPE TEXT: Single line text box PASSWORD: Password entry CHECKBOX: Check box RADIO: Radio button HIDDEN: Hidden field sends a variable and a value SUBMIT: Submit button RESET: Reset button NAME: required for all form elements other than SUBMIT and RESET buttons VALUE: default value for textbox; label for submit and reset buttons CHECKED: Apply to Check box and Radio button SIZE: Size of the Text box. MAXLENGTH: Maximum number of characters acceptable in a textbox

Profile.htm: HTML Source <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Form</TITLE></HEAD><BODY> <H1> Customer Registration </H1> <FORM ACTION="http://65.168.115.6/asp/formtest.asp" METHOD="POST"> Name: <INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="GuestName" MAXLENGTH="30"> <BR> <INPUT TYPE="checkbox" NAME="KnowHTML" VALUE="on" CHECKED>I know HTML <BR> How would you like to receive information from in the future?<BR> <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="media" VALUE="em" CHECKED> By Electronic Mail <BR> <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="media" VALUE="fx">By Fax<BR> <INPUT TYPE="radio" NAME="media" VALUE="po"> By Postal Mail<BR>

Continue… Choose Your Favorite Color: <SELECT NAME="Color" SIZE="1"> <OPTION value="B">Blue <OPTION>Red <OPTION value="G" SELECTED>Green <OPTION value="BR">Brown <OPTION value="Y">Yellow</SELECT> <BR> Enter your comment here: <TEXTAREA NAME="comment" ROWS="3"></TEXTAREA><BR> <INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="Submit profile"> <INPUT TYPE="reset" VALUE="Reset profile"> <br> <INPUT TYPE="image" SRC="slion.gif"> </FORM> </BODY></HTML>

Send Form Data to an E-Mail Account <form method=POST action="mailto:aitc@erols.com?subject=Customer request" ENCTYPE="text/plain"> Name: <input type="text" name="customer"><br> E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br> Interests: <input type="text" name="interest"><br> <input type="submit"> </form> Note: Your browser needs to be set up to support email function. Without the ENCTYPE attribute, you will be receiving the following message: customer=Minder+Chen&email=minderchen@yahoo.com&interest=running+chi-kung+%24

HTML Extensions Client Pull Font size Background color Image-Tiled Background

Client Pull Using the META Tag Have to be in the Header section <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>This is the first slide</TITLE> <META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="4; URL=REFRESH2.HTM"> </HEAD> <BODY> <A HREF="refresh2.html">Next</A></P> <H1>This is the first slide</H1> <P>Hello </P> </BODY></HTML> <META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="4”> Refresh the same page every 4 seconds.

Preventing a Document From Being Cached You can prevent a document from being cached by adding the following META tag to the document. <META HTTP-EQUIV="Expires" CONTENT="0"> Preventing the document from being cached ensures that a fresh copy of the document will always be retrieved from the site, even during the user's current session, regardless of how the user has set the browser's caching options. This is useful if the content of the document changes frequently.

BGCOLOR <HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>This is the second slide</TITLE> <META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="4; URL=REFRESH3.HTM"> </HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR=#FFFF00> <P><A HREF="refresh1.html">Previous</A> <A HREF="refresh1.html">Top</A> <A HREF="refresh3.html">Next</A></P> <H1>This is the second slide</H1> <P><FONT size=+2> world! </FONT></P> </BODY></HTML>

RGB Color Red Green Blue (RGB) Red: #00 No red <---> #FF bright red #000000: White #FFFFFF: Black <body bgcolor="#FFFF00"> <body bgcolor="magenta"> <body bgcolor="blue4"> Netscape only blue1 (=blue), blue2, blue3, blue4 (from light to dark) Color related attributes such as BGCOLOR

Color Name http://www.lynda.com Follow the web color link for RGB values of web safe color

<font> and <basefont> <basefont size=7>This <font size=-1>is <font size=-2>getting <font size=-3>smaller <font size=3>and this is normal. <font color="#FFFF00" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size=7>Try me </font> You can increase the <font size=+2> size </font> of the text’s font. Face: Internet Explorer only Default basefont size is 3

Image-Tiled Background <HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>This is the third slide</TITLE> <BODY BACKGROUND="tile.gif" bgproperties="fixed"> <P><A HREF="refresh2.htm2">Previous</A> <A HREF="refresh1.html">Top</A></P> <H1>This is the third slide</H1> <P><FONT size=7> Minder! </FONT></P> </BODY></HTML>

Format / Page Colors and Properties

Using Background Color and Table Together http://www.erols.com/aitc/html/bgc.gif <BODY BACKGROUND="bgc.gif"> <TABLE COLS=2 WIDTH="100%" > <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH="120"> 1st column </TD> <TD>2nd column</TD> </TR></TABLE>

A Simple Example of Frame <HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>The Frame Sampler</TITLE> </HEAD> <frameset cols="20%,80%"> <frame src="a.htm"> <frame src="e.htm" name="e_frame" scrolling=YES> </frameset></html> http://home.netscape.com/assist/net_sites/frames.html

An Example of Frame

HTML Code <HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>The Frame Sampler</TITLE> </HEAD> <frameset rows="50%,50%"> <frameset cols="33%,33%,33%"> <frame src="a.htm"> <frame src="b.htm"> <frame src="c.htm"> </frameset> <frame src="d.htm"> <frame src="e.htm"> <frame src="f.htm" name="f_frame" scrolling=YES> If you want another link to go to this named frame, you write the link as: <A HREF="http://www.aitc.com/test.htm" TARGET="f_frame">link</A>

E.HTM Source <html> <head> <title></title> <body> <h1>E.HTM </h1> <p>This is a test of the Frame. <a HREF="f.htm"> A Link to Frame F in F.HTM </a></p> </body> </html>

Uses for Frames The Backward and Forward navigation tools in the web browser don't work under frames. Elements that the user should always see Title graphics Copyright notices Control bars Table of contents

Exercise

Book.htm <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Book</TITLE> <FRAMESET ROWS="30%,70%"> <FRAME SRC="aitc.htm" SCROLLING="No" NORESIZE> <FRAMESET COLS="38%,62%"> <FRAME SRC="toc.htm" NORESIZE> <FRAME SRC="chap1.htm" NAME="chapter_fr"> </FRAMESET> <NOFRAMES> <BODY> <P>You need a browser that supports frame to view this page </BODY> </NOFRAMES> </HTML>

aitc.htm <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>AITC Web Site </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <h1>AITC Web Site</h1> </BODY> </HTML>

toc.htm Use the <BASE target="chapter_fr"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Table of Contents </TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <UL> <LI> <A HREF="chap1.htm" TARGET="chapter_fr">Chapter 1</A> <LI><A HREF="chap2.htm" TARGET="chapter_fr">Chapter 2</A> <LI><A HREF="chap3.htm" TARGET="chapter_fr">Chapter 3</A> </UL> <P> </BODY> </HTML> Use the <BASE target="chapter_fr"> in the head section to define default target frame.

Chap1.htm <A HREF="chap2.htm">Go to chapter 2</A> <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>Created With HTML Assistant Pro - 10/2/96</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY> <font size=+2>This is chapter 1</font> <A HREF="chap2.htm">Go to chapter 2</A> <br> <a href="chap2.htm" target="_blank"> Document opens in a new unnamed window </a><br> <a href="chap2.htm" target="_parent"> Document opens in the immediate FRAMESET parent of the current frame. </a><br> <a href="chap2.htm" target="_self"> Document opened in the same frame as the originating link </a><br> <a href="chap2.htm" target="_top"> Document opens in the full original window. </a><br> </BODY> </HTML>

Chap2.htm <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Chapter 2</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <P> This is chapter 2 <A HREF="chap3.htm">Go to chapter 3</A> </BODY></HTML>

<frameset> and </frameset> This is the main container for a Frame. It has 2 attributes: ROWS and COLS. A frame document has no <BODY> tag, and no tags that would normally be placed in the BODY can appear before the FRAMESET tag, or the FRAMESET will be ignored. The FRAMESET tag has a matching end tag, and within the FRAMESET you can only have other nested FRAMESET tags, FRAME tags, or the NOFRAMES tag. FRAMESET attributes include: ROWS="row_height_value_list" COLS="column_width_list"

<frame> </frame> Load information independent of other frames Can be given a target name Can resize dynamically This <frame> tag defines a single frame in a frameset. It has 6 possible attributes: SRC: The URL of the document to be displayed. NAME: This is used to assign a name to a frame so that it can be targeted by other links. MARGINWIDTH: The left and right margin from the boundary of the frame to the document and the value is in pixels. MARGINHEIGHT: The upper and lower margins SCROLLING: yes | no | auto NORESIZE: Make the frame nonresizable. Frames are resizable by default. FRAMEBORDER: yes | no

One More Example <frameset rows="66%,33%"> <!--- Divide into 2 rows ---!> <frameset cols="33%,33%,33%"> <!--- Row 1: make 3 columns ----!> <frame src="A.html"> <!--- Column 1: A ---!> <frameset rows="50%,50%"> <!---Column 2: Divide into 2 rows: 1A and 1B---!> <frame src="B.html"> <!--- Column 2: Row 1A: B ---!> <frame src="D.html"> <!--- Column 2: Row 1B: D---!> </frameset> <frameset rows="50%,50%"> <!--- Column 3: Divide into 2 rows: 1A and 1B---!> <frame src="C.html"> <!--- Column 3: Row 1A: C ---!> <frame src="E.html"> <!--- Column 3: Row 1B: E ---!> </frameset> <!--- Close up Row 1 ---!> <frameset cols="33%,66%"> <!--- Row 2: make 2 columns ----!> <frame src="F.html"> <!--- Column 1: F ---!> <frame src="G.html"> <!--- Column 2: G ---!>

<FRAMESET ROWS="value_list" COLS="value_list"></FRAMESET> A frame's window space can be divided into rows and columns. ROWS="value_list": This is a comma separated list of values. These values can be expressed in an absolute number of pixels, as a percentage (between 1 and 100) or as relative scaling values. Percentage: <FRAMESET ROWS="20%,60%,20%"> Pixels: <FRAMESET ROWS="100,500,100">; You'll almost certainly want to use these values in combination with other percentage based or relative values. Relative scaling: <FRAMESET ROWS="50, 2*, *">; This is a mix of fixed and relative values. In this case the first ROW is 50 pixels wide. The other two rows are divide the remaining space. A single "*" means that the frame gets all of the remaining space. When more than one "*" appear, you can give them relative portions of the remaining space. In this case, the second row gets 2/3 of the remaining space and the third row gets 1/3 of the remaining space.

Setting Up Your Home Page on the Server Get an account such as mchen@osf1.gmu.edu on the computer where web server is. Make your directory world-executable (don't forget the trailing space & period) at the system prompt. chmod a+x . Create an directory in your account as follows: mkdir public_html chmod a+rx public_html Change into this new directory. cd public_html Create an HTML file index.html and make the file world readable: chmod a+r index.html index.html is the default file name in a directory Invoke a WWW browser to see what you have created! Use URL: http://mason.gmu.edu/~mchen

File Transfer Protocol: ftp http://www.ipswitch.com/cgi/download_eval.pl?product=WL-1000 http://www.ftpplanet.com/

Free Web Hosting Start New Sites: You may want to start new sites for different subjects you want to cover. You can then submit your new sites and link the sites together to share the traffic. Here are places where you can get free sites: Tripod : http://www.tripod.com Angelfire : http://www.angelfire.com/ Geocities : http://www.geocities.com/ HTML spell checking: http://www.netmechanic.com/

Build Own Web Site Vs. Pay Hosting Service PROS CONS Build Your Own Web Site: . Full control over contents. . Set up expenses plus monthly . Easy to gather information connection fee. from visitors via forms . You must manage the server. . Ability to choose security tools. . Larger, dedicated staff required . Ability to rent server space Pay a Hosting Service: . Less expensive . Dependent on Provider for site . No system maintenance security and upkeep . Minimal staff requirement . Maybe dependent on provider for content changes. . May not be able to implement forms and scripts

Let Your Web Site Be Known Key words used in searches of your sites must be present in your top-level home page. Get Listed on the News groups: For general announcement of new websites: comp.infosystems.www.anounce Negotiate Mutual Pointers with sites trying to attract audience similar to your audience. Online Resource: http://www.ftpplanet.com/webmaster/web_promotion.htm Sites to Help You Submit Your: SiteThese sites will submit your site to many search engines and directories for you. Bcentral: http://www.BCentral.com The Promoter: http://www.tila.com/promote/ -- submits to search engines and link pages for free. Submit-it!: http://submitit.linkexchange.com/ -- submits to more than 400 search engines and link pages. Submit-it! Free: http://siteowner.linkexchange.com/Free.cfm -- submits to search engines for free. WebStep 100: http://www.mmgco.com/top100.html -- submits to top web sites for free. Virtual Stampede: http://www.virtualstampede.com/ Postmaster: http://www.netcreations.com/postmaster/registration/try.html

Class Project Solution C:\temp\index.htm AITC Web Site Company Introduction Products How to Contact us Online HTML Resources Developed by Robert Smith at Advanced IT Consulting contact us by mail at aitc@erols.com profile.htm AITC AITC Introduction AITC is ….. Guest Book Entry: Name: Know HTML contact.htm product.htm AITC Employees Minder Chen Bruce Johnson Robert Smith 703-334-4566 [Index] 703-334-4577 Product Listing ID Name Price 100 TV $250 200 PC $999 210 XY $234 [Home | Intro | Product | Contact] Submit Resume Web Site Home Page Web Page

index.htm <a href="contact.htm#smith">Robert Smith</a> at <html> <head> <title>Advanced IT Consulting</title> </head> <body> <h1>AITC Web Site</h1> <ul> <li><a href="profile.htm">Company Introduction</a> <li><a href="product.htm">Products</a> <li><a href="contact.htm">How to Contact Us</a> <li><a href="resource.htm">Online HTML Resources</a> </ul> Developed by <a href="contact.htm#smith">Robert Smith</a> at <a href="http://www.erols.com/aitc/"> Advanced IT Consulting </a> contact us <a href="mailto:aitc@erols.com">by email </a> at aitc@erols.com </body></html>

contact.htm <html> <head> <title>AITC Contact Information</title> </head> <body> <a name="top"><a> [ <a href="index.htm">Home</a> | <a href="profile.htm">Profile</a> | <a href="product.htm">Product</a> | <a href="contact.htm">Contact</a> | <a href="resource.htm">Resource</a> ] <h1>AITC Contacts</h1> <ul> <li><a href="#chen">Minder Chen</a> <li><a href="#johnson">Bruce Johnson</a> <li><a href="#smith">Robert Smith</a> </ul>

contact.htm (continued) <hr width=6> <a name="chen"></a> Minder Chen<br> 703-334-4566<br> [ <a href="#top">Index </a>] <p> <a name="johnson"></a> Bruce Johnson<br> 703-334-4577<br> <a name="smith"></a> Robert Smith<br> 703-334-5555<br> <p><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> </body> </html>

In Netscape (Edit / Preferences) Set up email server

resource.htm (Graphics examples) <html> <head><title>Online Resource: Graphics</title></head> <body bgcolor="yellow"> <h1>Online Resource</h1> AITC Logo: <img src="http://www.erols.com/aitc/aitc.gif"><br> Logo 1: With Transparency <img src="http://www.erols.com/aitc/aitc1.gif"><br> Logo 2: Without Transparency <img src="http://www.erols.com/aitc/aitc2.gif"><br> Small Lion: <img src="http://www.erols.com/aitc/slion.gif"><br> Big Lion: <img src="http://www.erols.com/aitc/blion.gif"><br> Hot image using a thumb nail image to link to a larger image: <a href="http://www.erols.com/aitc/blion.gif"> <img src="http://www.erols.com/aitc/slion.gif"> </a> </body></html>

product.htm <html> <head> <title>AITC Contact Information</title> </head> <body> <font size=4> [ <a href="index.htm">Home</a> | <a href="profile.htm">Profile</a> | Product | <a href="contact.htm">Contact</a> | <a href="resource.htm">Resource</a> ] </font> <h1>AITC Product Listing</h1> <table border=2> <tr> <th>ID</th><th width=100>Name</th> <th align= right width=80> Price</th> </tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>TV</td> <td align= right >$250</td> </tr> <tr> <td>200</td> <td>PC</td> <td align= right >$999</td> </tr> <tr> <td>210</td> <td>XY</td> <td align= right >$234</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

profile.htm <html> <head> <title>AITC Company Profile </title> </head> <body> <h1>AITC Introduction</h1> AITC is IT consulting and training firm. ... <p> Guest Book Entry: <hr> <form method="POST" action=" http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/post-query "> Name: <input type="text" name="guestname"><br> <input type="checkbox" name="html" CHECK> Know HTML <br> <input type="submit"> <input type="reset" value="Resume"> </form> </body> </html>

table.htm (background Image) <HTML> <HEAD> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Minder Chen"> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Mozilla/4.03 [en] (Win95; I) [Netscape]"> <TITLE>Tables and Background Color</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY BACKGROUND="bgc.gif"> <H1>Two Column Format and Background Color</H1> <TABLE CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2 WIDTH="100%" > <TR VALIGN=TOP> <TD WIDTH="120"> <UL> <LI><A HREF="profile.htm">Profile</A></LI> <LI><A HREF="contact.htm">Contact</A></LI> <LI><A HREF="product.htm">Products</A></LI> <LI><A HREF="resource.htm">Online Resource</A></LI> </UL> </TD> <TD><IMG SRC="logo.gif" HEIGHT=73 WIDTH=183> <B>Advanced IT Consulting is a consulting firm specialized in training and consulting in emerging IT. </B> </TR></TABLE></BODY></HTML>

Imagemap ISMAP: The ISMAP (is map) attribute identifies an image as an image map. Image maps are graphics in which certain regions are mapped to URLs. By clicking on different regions, different resources can be accessed from the same graphic. Example of use: <A HREF="book1.map"> <IMG SRC="sample.gif" ISMAP> </A> To be able to use image maps in HTML documents, the HTTP server which will be controlling document access must have the correct cgi-bin software installed to control image map behavior. Files needed: "Map" image: sample.gif in the example. Map file: e.g., book1.map in the example. Has two formats: NCSA and CERN and you can use MapEdit or MAP This to create it. Imagemap CGI program on the web server

Map File: CERN and NCSA map_cern.map map_NCSA.map default map_dflt.htm #The rectangle at the bottom rect (1,122) (129,163) rect.htm #The circle at the middle circle (60,85) 35 circle.htm #Polygon at the top poly (56,1) (8,50) (104,50) polygon.htm map_NCSA.map default map_dflt.htm #The rectangle at the bottom rect rect.htm 1,122 129,163 #The circle at the middle circle circle.htm 60,85 88,106 #Polygon at the top poly polygon.htm 56,1 8,50 104,50

Map THIS Where to get it: http://www6.zdnet.com/cgi-bin/texis/swlib/hotfiles/info.html?fcode=0007SG

Save the Map File CSIM: Client Side Image Map

Limitations of Image Maps Image maps only work over the HTTP protocol. A server transaction is always required. The implementation of image maps is server-dependent.

Area Coordination Specifications <map name="map_spec"> <area shape=circle coords="50,50,20" href="circle_link.html"> <area shape=rectangle coords="70,70, 90,90" href="rect_link.html"> <area shape=polygon coords="10,10,10,20,15,20" href="rect_link.html"> </map> x (0,0) Use noref attribute in the <area> tag to indicate no action should be taken. Must include an href or a noref attribute for each <area> tag. y (100,100)

Sample Map Specification <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Client-Side Image Map</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <h1>Try out the following client-side image map</h1> <p> <img src="map1.gif" usemap="#map_spec"> <map name="map_spec"> <area shape=polygon coords="8,50, 56,1, 104,50" href="polygon.htm"> <area shape=circle coords="60, 85, 35" href="circle.htm"> <area shape=rectangle coords="1,122,129,163" href="rect.htm"> <area shape=rectangle coords="0,0,129,163" href="default.htm"> </map> </BODY> </HTML>

Including Both Client-Side and Server-Side Processing Netscape 2.0+ and Internet Explore support client-side image map. Other browsers may ignore the usemap attribute in the <img> tag. For the same image map, we can include both client-side (honored by the browsers that can handle it) and server-side processing (for backward compatibility). <a href="/cgi-bin/imagemap/pics/bart.map"> <img src="/pics/bart3.gif" usemap="#map2" ismap ></a> <map name="map2"> <area shape=circle coords=…> <area shape=polygon coords=…> </map>

Advanced Table Tags <body bgcolor="blue" text="yellow" link="white" vlink="black" alink="red"> <table border=1 width="475"> <colgroup span="2" with="50"></colgroup> <colgroup align="right"> <col span="1" width="75"><col span="2" width="50"><col span="1" width="200"> </colgroup> <thead> <th>PID</th><th>Price</th><th>Type</th><th>Footage</th><th>BR/FB/HB</th><th>Address</th> </thead> <tfoot> </tfoot> <tbody> <tr><td>1</td><td>$400,000</td><td>TH</td> <td>8,000</td><td>3/2/1</td><td>123 Main St.</td></tr> <tr><td>2</td><td>$350,000</td><td>SFH</td> <td>8,000</td><td>4/2/2</td><td>777 Main St.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> Contact <a href="http://www.erols.com/aitc/ger.htm">GE Reality</a> if you want to buy a house.<br> Contact <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/">Microsoft</a> if you have problem with IE. </body>

Web User Interface Design Web Style Guide: Basic Design Principles for Creating Web Sites, Yale University Press, March of 1999 http://info.med.yale.edu/caim/manual/ Designing Web Usability, Jacob Nielsen, New Riders Publishing, Dec. 1999. David Siegel, Creating Killer Web Sites, Second Edition http://www.killersites.com/core.html Collaborative Web Development: Strategies and Best Practices for Web Teams, by Jessica R. Burdman, Addison-Wesley, 1999. Jakob Nielsen on web user interface design http://www.useit.com/ and http://www.useit.com/alertbox/ http://www.sun.com/sun-on-net/uidesign/ Designing Web Graphics.3 by Lynda Weinman, New Rider, 1999 Lynda's web site at http://www.lynda.com/ Norman and Nielsen Group at http://www.nngroup.com/ Webmonkey design site_building at http://www.hotwired.com/webmonkey/design/site_building/ Web Workshop - Electronic Commerce Site Design at http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/design/layout/site021599.asp IBM Ease of Use Web Site: http://www-3.ibm.com/ibm/easy/eou_ext.nsf/publish/561 Accessibility standards: www.access-board.gov/508.htm & www.cast.org/babby www.section508.gov

URL and Security URLs are standardized in RFC1738, and in their most generic form, they are defined as <scheme>:<scheme-specific-part> The best-known scheme is the Common Internet (http for WWW), in which the <scheme> is the name of a protocol and the <scheme-specific-part> is defined as: //<user>:<password>@ <host>:<port>/<url-path> in which only the host part is mandatory. The ":" and "@" characters have a special meaning and thus the server can parse the entire string. If a user and a password are provided, the host part only comes after the @ character. http://www.microsoft.com:item=q209354@www.hwnd.net/pub/mskb/Q209354.asp