Reed Elsevier Science Technical & Medical (STM) Publishing in Europe Piotr Golkiewicz Account Manager Elsevier B.V

2 STM publishing – a highly efficient and innovative sector  STM industry employs 90,000 globally  36,000 in the EU  2,000 publishers publish 1.4 million articles p.a.  Researcher numbers increase 3% p.a. globally  Major investment in digitalization – 90% of articles now online  Average cost of publishing €3,750 per article  Cost of access per article falling to less than 1 Euro

3 Company Structure Elsevier, Reed Elsevier’s global Science & Medical division, is the leading provider of high quality scientific, technical and medical information to the academic, research and healthcare communities. Reed Elsevier’s Legal division, LexisNexis, is a global provider of authoritative legal, news, public records and business information, including tax and regulatory publications in print or online. Harcourt, Reed Elsevier's global Education division, is a leading publisher serving the Kindergarten to Grade 12 and assessment markets in the US and primary and secondary markets internationally. Reed Business, Reed Elsevier's global Business division, is a provider of magazines, exhibitions, directories, online media and marketing services across five continents. Its prestige brands serve professionals across a diverse range of industries. All four of Reed Elsevier's divisions are global, and each of one of them focuses on a specific market for professional information:

4 About Elsevier  Elsevier publishes 2000 journals and over 3000 new books each year  Through ScienceDirect 10 million scientists and researchers have desktop access to a service offering 8 million articles and 55 major reference works  In 2004, Elsevier launched its new abstract & indexing database, Scopus, which links users to over 265 million scientific web pages To do this we:  Maintain sales in 180+ countries  Employ over 7,000 people in 70 offices in 26 countries of whom 1,142 are based in The Netherlands

5 Elsevier customer groups and products Print Electronic Key Customer Groups Research scientists Medical professionals Information professionals Library researchers Industrial and academic users

6 ScienceDirect content 2006 Backfiles pre 1995 ~4 million articles Book Series ~160 titles Reference Works~60 titles Handbooks ~80 series present ~4 million articles 2200 journals eBooks (2007) 4000 titles

7 Alert me when a new issue is published Submit a paper online Read articles before they appear in print Send the article to a colleague Save the article to my desktop the author Crossref: linking to other scientific publishers ScienceDirect: More effective scientific communication

8 Overall ScienceDirect Usage of Articles/Year Estimation for 2007 = 365 million

9 Solicit and manage submissions Manage peer review Production Publish and disseminate Edit and prepare Archive and promote Organise editorial boards Launch new specialist journals Author and Editorial Systems, €10M+ 500,000 submissions 200,000 referees 1M referee reports 40-90% articles rejected eBack-files, eReference Works, €30M+ 7,000 editors 70,000 ed board members 6.5M author- publisher comms ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scirus, €250M+ 7M articles 10M researchers 4,500 institutions 180+ countries 310+ million downloads/year 2.5M print pages E-investments since 1999: Elsevier example E-Warehouse and Production, €20M 250,000 new articles/year 180 years of back issues scanned In total, €300 million+ invested in E-publishing technology and distribution since 1999 These investments and functions make the difference between raw outputs of research, and published research

10 Meeting Researcher Needs What matters to researchers? 1. Access 2. Quality 3. Preservation 4. Efficiency 5. Cost effectiveness Where are we in 2007? Dramatic increases in access levels since EU libraries: 3x-10x more journals via ScienceDirect - 40%+ annual growth in ScienceDirect downloads (’01-’06: from 14M to 81M) - Researchers list access to journals as 12th among their concerns Extremely high standards of quality control and integrity - 96% of researchers regard Peer Review as important - Elsevier: 500k submissions, 200k reviewers, 70k editorial board members Definitively published research is preserved in perpetuity - KB, Portico - 7 million articles on SD, The Lancet to 1826 Significant increases in researcher productivity since Science: only info sector less time spent researching vs. gathering ‘01-’05 - Researchers read 25%+ articles from 2x more journals than in print era Continuing improvements in value for money - Moderating price increases: Elsevier 5.5% for last few years (lowest quartile) absorbing inflation (3%), growth in articles published (3-4%), usage (20%/yr) - E-licensing terms: many journals at substantially less than print list price - UK example (LISU): 20% decrease in average price paid per journal, ’99-’03 - Effective price paid per Elsevier article downloaded: from €12 to €2 and still falling (45% annual decrease) STM on a very positive trajectory since E-revolution began in 1999 Question: how to progress even further without undermining current high standards for researchers

11 Innovative experimental dissemination models  author pays – Public Library of Science, Biomednet, financial sustainability not proven  sponsored distribution – eg Elsevier/Wellcome Trust  delayed access hybrid journals – content made freely available after embargo period, dependent on readership pattern  open archiving

12 What are we learning: access Comments % of STM articles, 2007 Author pays journals ~10,000 articles: mostly BioMed Central, PLoS, Hindawi 70% of authors believe they should not pay; others may pay for them, e.g. funding bodies <1% Sponsored articles 15-20% of journals now offer option (15+ publishers) Estimated 2,000 articles sponsored in total <1% Open archiving Most journals allow pre-print and/or manuscript posting Elsevier - 5% posted as pre-prints; 1% as manuscripts - 2% of total posted in institutional repositories NIH: less than 5% of authors voluntarily post 38% of researchers unwilling to post 5-6% Delayed access 1% at <6 months; 5% at 12 months; 1% at 18 months+ Primarily life and health sciences 7% Very low levels of interest and uptake by researchers after several years

13 What are we learning: cost-effectiveness Author pays journals Open archiving Likely cost impact of recent approaches Sponsored articles Delayed access Author-pays journal publishers raising fees Model has no net costs savings, transfer only - Prolific institutions pay more - Those contributing fewer articles pay less Effective price paid per journal accessed % -25% -20% -10% 0% Index 1999 = 1 Effective price paid per article downloaded ‘05 € per download Source: LISU, 2004 Current trajectory: value for money No net savings Repositories duplicate system costs UK estimates: - Costs to build IR system: £17 million - Costs to preserve IR system: unknown - UK articles per year: 60,000 - Cost per UK article deposited in UK IR: £283 - Cost per article downloaded via SD: ~£2 Key question: what is the incremental cost per article for how much - if any - incremental access? New approaches will either not affect or will increase total system costs

14 Preserving the electronic record  Elsevier has been a leader in establishing an official trusted third party archive at the National Library of the Netherlands for the electronic version of our journals.

15 Backfiles Project – Initiative to digitize all Elsevier owned journals from 1994 to volume 1 number 1 Millions of pages $40 million for scanning Four Sea Containers and Two Air Cargo Containers

16 Lancet – volume 1, number 1, 1823

17 Special techniques to improve old page images

13 Mainframe computers Storage in Petabytes!

19 The Martini Principle – any time, any place, anywhere Authorised Users Current members of the staff of the Licensee (whether on a permanent, temporary, contract or visiting basis) and individuals who are currently studying at the Licensee’s institution, who are permitted to access the Secure Network from within the premises of the Licensee and from such other places where Authorised Users work or study, including without limitation halls of residence and lodgings and homes of Authorised Users, and who have been issued by the Licensee with a password or other authentication. Walk-in Users Persons who are not Authorised Users but who are registered as permitted users of the Licensee’s library or information service and who are permitted to access the Secure Network from computer terminals within the Library Premises. The payment of a fee in order to be registered as a Walk-in User is deemed not to constitute Commercial Use.

20 Threat of unwarranted regulatory intervention  Concern that out of date perceptions may lead to inappropriate and damaging interventions, such as:  mandating content deposit in open repositories, or  mandating author pays business model  STM publishing is a highly innovative efficient sector  Many ongoing experiments taking place with differing dissemination models  Multiple market driven reforms under way  Regulatory intervention unwarranted and unhelpful to the competitiveness agenda

21 Conclusions The current system is delivering significant benefits in areas that researchers value most: - Access - Quality - Preservation - Efficiency - Cost-effectiveness These benefits are resulting from significant investment in E-technologies that publishers have made since 1999 Any proposed policy should rigorously quantify its impact on all of these dimensions before being implemented Publishers are continually working with the research community (policy-makers, researchers, librarians, funding bodies) to test new approaches that can deliver sustainable measurable benefits without compromising current high standards We strongly advocate a fact-based, test-and-learn approach to ensure that net benefits for researchers are positive - One-size-fits all approaches will not work: journals dynamics vary dramatically, e.g. subject area, business model - We must have up-to-date facts to measure the impact of new approaches, e.g. on access, quality and cost - We must implement based on fact-based results, not theory, to ensure no unintended negative consequences

Piotr Gołkiewicz Dziękuję za uwagę