Management Information Systems Database Processing Chapter 5

2 This Could Happen to You Dee selected Moveable Type application program Needs database program to store blog  Consultant suggested MySQL  Network standardized on Oracle  May not be able to run Moveable Type  Will require revision of labor estimates  IT resists installing MySQL

3 Study Questions Q1. What is the purpose of a database? Q2. What does a database contain? Q3. What is a DBMS, and what does it do? Q4. What is a database application? Q5. What is the difference between an enterprise and a personal DBMS?

4 Spreadsheet and database keep track of things Spreadsheets  Keep lists of single concept Databases  Keep lists that involve multiple themes Q1. What Is the Purpose of a Database?

5 學生的成績清單

6 將資料庫的學生資料以表單呈現

7 Q2. What is a Database? Self-describing collection of integrated records Hierarchy of data elements  Bytes are grouped into columns / fields  Columns grouped into rows / records  Rows are grouped into tables / files Collection of tables plus relationships among rows  Also includes metadata  Describes structure of database

8 表格（檔案） Student 的內容

9 資料組成元素的階層關係

10 資料庫的元件

11 Relationships Among Records Values in one table may relate rows to those in other tables Keys  Column(s) that identify unique row in table  Each table has a key Foreign keys  Keys in a different table than the one in which they reside Relational database  Databases using tables, keys, and foreign keys

12 Figure 5-6 Example of Relationships Among Rows

13 Metadata Databases are self-describing  Contain description of its content Metadata  Data that describes data  Makes databases more useful  Makes databases easier to use

14 Access 中詮釋資料的一個例子

15 Ethics Guide: Nobody Said I Shouldn’t Kelly was employed maintaining servers and backing up database  Made copy of database to practice with  Accessed SQL Server metadata  Discovered tables with order data, customers, salespeople  Uncovered anomalies: one entry clerk gives a discount to a buyer that no one else was given  Mentioned it to clerk  Was terminated for accessing database

16 Q3. What is a DBMS and What Does it Do? Database management system (DBMS)  Program that creates, process, and administers database  Usually licensed from vendors  Microsoft, Oracle, MySQL, DB2 DBMS and database are two different things

17 資料庫應用系統的組成元件

18 DBMS (1) DBMS used to create tables, relationships in databases DBMS processes database  Applications use DBMS to read, insert, modify, and delete data  Structured Query Language (SQL)  International standard for processing database

19 在表格中新增一個欄（以 Access 為例）

20 DBMS (2) DBMS provides tools to assist in administration of database  Can be used to set up security  Used to back up data  Add structure to improve performance  Remove data

21 Q4. What Is a Database Application? Collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database Databases can have more then one application Applications can have multiple users

22 使用多個資料庫應用程式

23 MIS in Use: Dealing with Database Growth (1) Textronix uses Oracle database to store and process financial data  800 concurrent users Rapidly growing database caused performance to decline  One solution is to remove data  Data still needed  Data retention laws compound problems  Sarbanes-Oxley  SEC Rule 17-A  HIPAA

24 MIS in Use (2) Data Archiving  Problem for IS technicians  Must create data archiving policy  Policy must address legal requirements  Plan must be created for implementing policy  Data about open transactions must not be archived  Implement plan before performance problems arise  Secure and back up data archive

25 Forms, Reports and Queries Forms  Used to read, insert, modify, and delete data Reports  Show data in structured context  May compute values Queries  Means of getting answers from database data

26 學生報表的範例

27 查詢的範例

28 Database Application Programs Forms, reports, and queries work for standard functions Application programs  Process logic specific to business need  Enables database processing over Internet  Serves as intermediary between Web server and database  Responds to events  Reads, inserts, modifies, deletes data

29 網站伺服器上的四個應用程式

30 Multi-User Processing Common Unique problems  Lost-update problem  Locking used to coordinate activities of multiple users  Creates new set of problems  Data conflicts produce inaccurate results

31 Q5. What is the Difference Between an Enterprise and a Personal DBMS? Enterprise DBMS  Process large organizational and workgroup databases  Support many users  Examples: DB2, SQL Server, Oracle Personal DBMS  Designed for smaller, simpler database applications  Supports fewer than 100 users  Examples: Access, dBase, FoxPro, Paradox, R:Base

32 個人資料庫系統

33 Opposing Forces Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll Use a Spreadsheet Databases take time to build Complicated to operate  May require use of multiple applications Need IS people to create it and keep it running Will share data that you may not want to expose Spreadsheets may be a better option in some cases

34 How Does the Knowledge in This Chapter Help Dee? She would know what a DBMS is and what roles it can play She would understand the diagram of the role of the DBMS for her blog  System is isolated from rest of databases  Uses MySQL as part of functionality of her application Was better able to present her plan to IT

35 在柯小姐的網誌中， DBMS 的功能