1. Using MIS 4e Chapter 5 Database Processing

2. Course Objectives
Objective 1: Understand information system concepts including input, processing, and output, data and information. Objective 2: Understand information system components including hardware, software, databases and telecommunications. Objective 10: Be able to use common personal productivity tools. Objective 11: Be able to create a database using a relational DBMS such as Access. Demonstrate the ability to create reports, queries and join two tables in the DBMS.

3. What is a database?

4. What is a database?
Database: a collection of data, representing things that exist in the real world, and what we want to know about them.

5. What is a database? Table Field Columns Rows
represents an entity – a person, place, thing, event
also called file
collection of related rows of data
Field
describes one characteristic of the entity (name, birth date, phone number, etc.)
also called column
related fields are grouped into rows

6. What is the advantage of a database?
Businesses use databases to organize and find information efficiently

7. What is the advantage of a database?
Businesses use databases to organize and find information efficiently
Why not just use a spreadsheet?

8. Database or Spreadsheet?
Read the Guide on pages Discuss the questions in a small group (questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

9. What is the advantage of a database?
Why not just use a spreadsheet?

10. Relational Database
By eliminating the duplicate data, we eliminate data integrity problems.

11. Relational Database
Splitting the banking data into separate tables allows each table to represent a single topic or theme.
Connections between tables are called relationships.

12. Relational Database
A primary key identifies a unique row in a table

13. Relational Database
A primary key is linked to a matching field on another table to create a relationship
The matching field is known as a foreign key

14. How will a business determine whether they need a database or a spreadsheet?
Is the data for long-term storage (as opposed to a work-in- progress)?
Do multiple people need access to the data? (at the same time?)
Do we need controls on the data to protect against erroneous entries?
Is a large part of the data redundant?
Database!
Are we trying to track a simple list of data?
Do we want to easily create charts and graphs?
Do we need to crunch numbers and perform automatic calculations?
Do we need to create "What-if" scenarios ?
Spreadsheet!

15. How will a business determine what tables and relationships are needed?

16. Database design using data modeling
Users and developers would work together to design a data model
Why?
A data model represents real business data and real relationships between business entities
CHAPTER
MEMBER
ChapterID
Chapter Name
Inception Date
Advisor
URL
Member ID
First Name
Last Name
Address
City
State
Postal Code
Phone
Major ….

17. Database design using data modeling
An entity-relationship data model (ERD) shows…
entities that will be represented in the database
relationships between those entities
Entities
something we want to track (people, things, places, events)
can be a physical object or a logical transaction
have attributes that describe its ________.
Example?
Identifier
an attribute whose value is associated with one and only one occurrence of the entity

18. Database design using data modeling
Customer Name
Address
City
State
Zip
Account #
Loan#
Loan Type
Safe Deposit Box 1
Chad Johnson
85 Bengal Rd
Cincinnati OH
62412
91772
51-642
Mortgage
101 2
Chad Ocho Cinco
85 Bengals Road
87-719
Business
105 3
Mike Sorrentino
800 S Main
Harrisonburg VA
22807
97525 4
Combs, Sean
50 Dukes Dr
970129 5
Mike Sorrentino (The Situation)
234 6
P.Diddy
50 Duke Dr
930521
51-956 7
John Mellancamp
617 Main St
Seymour IN
67844
Auto
712 8
Sean Combs
50 Dukes Drive 9
John Cougar Mellancamp
261 Bluestone Dr
964117
214 10
Mike Sorentino 11
Puff Daddy
22802
87-635

19. Database design using data modeling
Transactions
Account
SD Box
Customer
Transactions
Account
Transactions
Customer
Account
Transactions
SD Box
Customer
Transactions
Account
SD Box
Customer
Account
Transactions
SD Box

20. Database design using data modeling
Customer
Account
Transactions
SD Box
Relationships between entities can be…
one-to-one – 1:1
one-to-many – 1:N
many-to-many – N:M
Safe Deposit Box
Customer
Account
Transactions

21. Database design using data modeling
Customer
Account
Transactions

22. With a partner, continue creating the data model for the bank example, including the loans. Show entities, identifiers, attributes.
Customer Name
Address
City
State
Zip
Account #
Loan#
Loan Type
Safe Deposit Box 1
Chad Johnson
85 Bengal Rd
Cincinnati OH
62412
91772
51-642
Mortgage
101 2
Chad Ocho Cinco
85 Bengals Road
87-719
Business
105 3
Mike Sorrentino
800 S Main
Harrisonburg VA
22807
97525 4
Combs, Sean
50 Dukes Dr
970129 5
Mike Sorrentino (The Situation)
234 6
P.Diddy
50 Duke Dr
930521
51-956 7
John Mellancamp
617 Main St
Seymour IN
67844
Auto
712 8
Sean Combs
50 Dukes Drive 9
John Cougar Mellancamp
261 Bluestone Dr
964117
214 10
Mike Sorentino 11
Puff Daddy
22802
87-635
This is a credit assignment – make sure everyone gets their name on the sheet that you turn in. Clear and legible writing is required.

23. Using databases to answer business questions
Can we answer these questions?
How many accounts does Sean Combs have?
Who is the customer for account 91772?
What is John Mellancamp's address?
Can we easily see how many customers we actually have?
Using queries, we can ask questions of the database
results will always be based on current data
less time managing data – more time using the information to make business decisions

24. What are the components of a database application system?
To be useful, data in a database table must be easily managed and turned into useful information.

25. What are the components of a database application system?

26. What are the components of a database application system?
A DBMS is a software program, and a database is a collection of tables, relationships and metadata.
Popular DBMS products include:
With DBMS, users…
create or modify tables and relationships
read, insert, modify, or delete data
Structured Query Language (SQL), standard language used by most major DBMS
administer a database
What kinds of tasks might this include?

27. How do database applications make databases more useful?

28. How do database applications make databases more useful?
Applications allow database processing over the Internet.

29. How do database applications make databases more useful?
A single database can support multiple users doing many different tasks.
must be managed properly to avoid problems:
Potential update loss because two users update same data at the same time
Possible data conflicts
Enterprise DBMS can support thousands of users
Many different database applications
24/7 operations
DB2, SQL Server, Oracle

30. How do database applications make databases more useful?
Personal DBMS
Smaller, simpler applications
Fewer than 100 users
Microsoft Access is both a DBMS and application development product
Fig 5-14 Personal Database System

31. How is a data model transformed into a database design?
Customer
Account

32. How is a data model transformed into a database design?
What are the problems with this data? How is the data in this table related?
Lessons Table
Name
Activity1
Cost1
Activity2
Cost2
Justin Lee
Swimming $
Amanda Liddle
Tennis $
Pitch/Catch $
Lisa Williams
Golf $
How many Justin Lee’s are there?
What other activities do we offer?
What happens to pitch/catch if Amanda Liddle drops out?
What if the price of golf lessons changes?
Converting a poorly structured table into two or more well-structured tables is called normalization.

33. How is a data model transformed into a database design?
Normalizing the tables by splitting the Student data into a separate table allows each table to describe a single topic or theme.
By eliminating the duplicate data, you eliminate data integrity problems.
Students
Activities
Student ID
Name
Activity
Cost
100
Justin Lee
Swimming $
127
Amanda Liddle
Tennis $
152
Lisa Williams
Soccer
156
Golf $
Pitch/Catch $
Student/Activity
Student
Activity
Amt Paid
100
Swimming $
127
Tennis $
Pitch/Catch
152
Golf $
156

34. What is the user's role in the development of databases?
Identify business rules
The user’s role is to
decide what data should be included and how records should relate to one another
be the final judge of how well the database will serve your needs. Do not go forward until the data model is accurate.
When is the best time to change the way a database is structured?