CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CBA OF OPERATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM IN PITTSBURGH

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Abstract Objective and Motivation Introduction Description of the Model Results Conclusions and Future Plans

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Objective & Motivation Monetary Cost Efficiency Availability Feasibility Environmental Impacts CMU Solar House 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Renewable Energy Data from the U.S. Renewable energy 8% out of total energy Solar Energy 1% Reference: Web Site: Main Products of the Office of Energy Markets and End Use: Annual energy review: renewable energy section 10.5

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin CMU Solar House 2002

BP (conventional) Combiner Boxes Charge Controller Batteries AC INV DC 120V Switch PV System

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin PV System Key components Conventional Solar panels has 36 cells (photovoltaic cells) Self regulating panels DC-inverter-AC

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Cost Benefit Analysis Comparison PV System For a Typical House In Pittsburgh House covered 100% by PV System Hybrid covering the months with highest sun irradiation and House With Classical Grid-Based System

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Maximum Sun Irradiation Factor (energy) KWh/ m 2 For the Northeast of the U.S. is 6 KWh/m 2 Web Site:

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Description of Model Selection Solar Technology Electricity Consumption Data Characteristics of the Solar Panel (inefficiencies, Max. Capacity) Yearly Consumption of Avg. Household [KWh/yr] Monthly & Daily Consumption in the Months of High Solar Irradiation (choice of 3 and 5) [Watts] Requirement of Energy considering the Solar Insolation Factor for the Region [Watts] Additional Factor from PV Panels (heating vs efficiency) Total No. of Panels from Total Requirement of electricity (Watts) / Net Production per panel (Total Area of Solar Irradiation) Geographical Factors

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Factors for Cost Estimates Cost of Panels [ $ / panel] ~ $ 500 USD No. of Panels ~ 44 Approximate Cost of Panels $ 22,000 USD Cost of Batteries [ $ / Battery] No. of Batteries ~ 40% of No. of Panels Total Cost of Batteries $ 8,500 USD Additional Installation Costs Wiring, rack for modules, connection devices, labor work and transportation ~ $ 12,345 USD Total Investment Cost $ 42, 850 USD Year 2002 Total Investment Cost $ 42, 850 USD Year 2002 Additional Costs Additional Cost for Electricity from Grid $ 525 ~ $ 430 USD / yr (with no change in consumption behavior from average household in the U.S.) Compare to the $1,000 USD of yearly spending for future O&M Activities: Replacement of Batteries Bank every 4 Years Cleaning Activities of Panel Array ~ $ 80 USD / Year Replacement of the whole PV System (solar panels, connectors, wiring, batteries, etc.) every 20 years

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Case PV covers only in Months with major Sun Irradiation Two Variations: 3 Months with highest Sun Irradiation (June, July, August) 5 Months (May, June, July, August, September) Assumptions for Future Improvements in Technology 20 and 40 yr period : Improved efficiency of panels, capacity of Peak Watts per panel, $ per panel and per battery decreases

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Case 2 PV covers only in Months with major Sun Irradiation The actual average cost of Electricity from the Grid ~ $ 0.10 / KWh

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Conclusions and Further Estimations – I. Estimated cost of electricity produced by the grid connected PV system ~ 38¢/kWh Data from studies: 25¢/kWh – 50¢/kWh Conventional power plant: 11¢/kWh

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Conclusions and Further Estimations – II. Benefits? Increased siting flexibility Decreased installation lead time Installations cause fewer disruptions Improved aesthetics Increased reliability Portability Progressive "green" image

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Conclusions and Further Estimations – III. Progressive "green" image “Low environmental impact—they are quiet and nonpolluting (no greenhouse gas emissions).” /Federal Energy Management Program/ We can avoid the environmental impacts (e.g. GHG emission) of the estimated yearly 2, ,600 kWh electricity production Is this significant compared to the environmental impacts of the PV system?

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Conclusions and Further Estimations –IV. How to make it feasible? Net metering Renewable Energy Pilot Program 10% federal tax credit and accelerated depreciation on the PV system Continuous technology improvement

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin Further Information ar/technologies