Agricultural Technologies SciTech 11

What is Agriculture? Agriculture/farming:

What is Agriculture? Farmers are less than ____ of the population in the US, but they make food for _________________ of the population (food shipped to other countries) _______________ must be involved! In 1900’s, one farmer could feed ____ people. Today, 1 farmer can feed _______________!

History of Agriculture ______________ The first person to turn from the ____________ __________ lifestyle to _________ probably did so by using his bare ________, and perhaps some sticks or stones. _________ such as ______, ________, and _______________ were developed and used for thousands of years. During this time, almost ___________ worked in agriculture because each family could _______ ______________________ for themselves.

History of Agriculture ___________________________ With the Industrial Revolution and the development of more _______________ __________, farming methods advanced.Industrial Revolution Instead of harvesting grain by hand with a sharp blade, __________________ cut a continuous path. Instead of ___________ the grain by beating it with sticks, machines separated the ________ from the _______________

History of Agriculture _______________ Power was originally supplied by _________ or other _____________. With the invention of steam power came the ___________________steam power Agricultural _____________ took over the heavy ________________________. The steam-powered machines were low- powered by today's standards but ___________ _______________________ Their slow speed led farmers to comment that tractors had two speeds: "slow, and darn slow."

History of Agriculture ______________________________ __________, and later _______________ became the main source of power for the next generation of tractors. These engines also contributed to the development of the self-propelled, combined harvester and thresher, or _____________ for short.

Mechanization Mechanization: ______________________________ ___________________ _____________ clearing soil, tilling soil, planting seeds, cultivating crops, harvesting crops

Mechanization Harvesting- _______________________ ___________________ _________ cut plant, separate the grain, and package stalks all at once -__________________________ farmers can produce -huge ____________________________!

Mechanization GPS = ________________________ Receivers, computers and satellites determine _____________ of object on earth Placed in tractors and combines to ________ ________________ -get ________________ furrows (rows), less compacting soil, no overlap of pesticides -also ___________ sections of fields and __________________ (more water, pesticides etc)

How has productivity changed? Productivity: ____________________ (~35 L or 60 lbs) _____________ 1830: hours, 5 acres of land, all work by hand 1890: hours 1930: hours 1955: 6-12 hours 1965: 5 hours 1975: 3.75 hours 1987: 3 hours, 3 acres, all mechanized _________________________________

Dairy Farming Produces _______________________ Milk flows from ____________ through ___________ to milk house for processing Feed conveyers, ______________, and ____________ have made task easier In past, one cow produce milk for __ people -now, one cow makes milk for __ people

What about all the poop? _________ is separated and solids applied to fields, liquid used as _________ -often stored in _________ and treated with ________ to make ____________ ___________ from manure is collected and used to _________________

Aquaculture Raising of _________________________ _______________ in a controlled water environment Water temp and chemistry and ______ _______________ are controlled Results in ___________________ that _____________

Aquaculture Facts Facts: _____________ is farmed and imported 32% of marine organisms are farmed China is world leader in aquaculture What is farmed? Carp, Salmon, Oysters, Clams

Aquaculture Benefits Increased ___________/ _______ of organism/ efficiency ____________________ and maintains natural populations Meets ________________ in ______________________ ____________ success Decreased dependence on _________ products

Aquaculture Local Examples: BC has __________________, started in 1971 BC is _____ largest producer of farmed salmon __________________ dollar market

Environmental Concerns 1. Seals can ______ tightly packed salmon through nets _________________ -farmers began ______________ seals (now banned) -now used “acoustic harassment devices” that can __________________ -sounds have ______________ many ____________________ from natural territory

Environmental Concerns 2. ____________ flow ___________ into natural habitat -many ________________________ produced in salmon farms __________ to wild fish -farmed fish treated with __________ but still _____________ to wild salmon

Environmental Concerns 3. Epidemics of _____________ -billions of lice spread to _____________ as they enter the ocean from streams -one study found that ____ of wild fish near fish farms had ___________________

Environmental Concerns 4. _____ are coated with ___________, which is ingested by farm fish 5. Ivermectin antibiotic for sea lice is __________ in high quantities -accumulates on bottom of ocean, where _________ and other organisms ingest it

Environmental Concerns 6. ____________! -__________________ to wild fish -since they are larger, they _____________ wild fish -______________________ by mating with wild fish

Pesticides A _____________ is a substance or mixture of substances used to __________ Although there are _________ to the use of pesticides, there are also _________, such as potential __________________ and other animals

Pesticide Variety Algicides or Algaecides for the control of algaeAlgicidesAlgaecidesalgae Avicides for the control of birdsAvicidesbirds Bactericides for the control of bacteriaBactericidesbacteria Fungicides for the control of fungi and oomycetesFungicidesfungioomycetes Herbicides for the control of weedsHerbicides Insecticides for the control of insects - these can be Ovicides (substances that kill eggs), Larvicides (substances that kill larvae) or Adulticides (substances that kill adult insects)InsecticidesinsectseggsLarvicideslarvae Miticides or Acaricides for the control of mitesMiticidesAcaricidesmites Molluscicides for the control of slugs and snailsMolluscicidesslugssnails Nematicides for the control of nematodesNematicidesnematodes Rodenticides for the control of rodentsRodenticidesrodents Virucides for the control of virusesVirucidesviruses Holy variety, Batman!

Agricultural Pesticides Pesticides can ________________ by ____________ crop losses to _________ and other pests; in the US, farmers get a ______________________ they spend on pesticides One study found that _________ pesticides ________ crop yields by about _____ Another study found that a _____ on pesticides may result in a _____ of food prices, ___________, and an ___________ _________________

Pesticide Enviro Concerns Over ____ of sprayed insecticides and ____ of herbicides reach a destination _____________ ____________, including non-target species, air, water, bottom sediments, and _______. _______________ occurs when pesticides suspended in the air as particles are ________ _____________, potentially contaminating them. Pesticides cause _____________, and some pesticides are ___________ organic pollutants and contribute to __________________.

Pesticide Health Concerns Each year, ____________ in agriculture in the developing world experience severe ____________________ and _________ ______! According to one study, as many as ____ ____________ workers in developing countries may suffer ________________ ___________ yearly

An Example - DDT Used in WWII to __________________ Used for years as an ____________ Accumulates in animals at ____________ _______, causing many deaths in _________ and _________ Linked to many types of _________ Banned in US in _____, but still around…