T-DAP MAP 32 WPP

Agenda Toyota General Information Fire Safety Vehicle Dimensions Nameplates VIN Fire Safety Vehicle Dimensions Tools & Measurement

Toyota Nameplates Found on cowl panel Information Model Engine type VIN/Frame number Body colour Trim code Transmission code Axle code Plant name code Since 1989 – replaced with door certification label

VIN Breakdown All VIN numbers (Vehicle Identification Numbers) have been 17 digits (alpha-numeric) since 1981 JT2BA02E3T0123450 What do all the positions mean?

VIN Breakdown What year is it? 1980 started with “A” 2010 will start with “A” again

Fire Safety Types of Fire Extinguishers Classes

Vehicle Dimensions

Tools & Safety Hand Tools SSTs Measuring Tools

Vernier Calipers Is considered a precision measuring tool as it can provide information to hundredths of millimeters and thousandths of inches “Vernier” means small moveable scale that runs parallel to a fixed scale

Vernier Calipers

Vernier Calipers

Vernier Calipers

Vernier Calipers Proper use

Vernier Calipers Proper use

Vernier Calipers Proper use

Vernier Calipers Proper use

Vernier Calipers

Vernier Calipers

Vernier Calipers

Vernier Calipers

Vernier Calipers applet

Micrometers Two types Inside and outside micrometers Used to measure inner and outer diameters respectively Precision vs. verniers

Micrometers Construction

Micrometers

Micrometers How does it work? As the thimble turns on it’s threads, if the pitch of the thread is 1mm, for each revolution of the thimble, the spindle moves 1 mm Therefore, the markings on the thimble are divisions of 1mm. What do the markings on the outer sleeve represent?

Micrometers Zeroing/calibration Dealing with rotating parts Must make sure, for accuracy sake that micrometers are calibrated Clean surfaces Use ratchet stopper! (I mean properly use) Use calibration block (usually comes with mic) Use lock clamp Line up zero with index line

Micrometers Zeroing!

Micrometers Reading micrometers Make sure micrometer is type you want e.g. imperial/metric Take note of micrometer size e.g. 0-200mm, 200-400mm, 50-250mm, 0-1 inch,3-4 inch Use ratchet end slowly to fit mic to object Close lock clamp

Micrometers Reading micrometers From the scale above the index line, note the number of whole units Note the number of partial units below the index line From the index line, note the reading on the thimble Add together to get reading

Micrometers http://members.shaw.ca/ron.blond/Micrometer.APPLET/

Micrometers

Micrometers

Micrometers

Micrometers

Micrometers

Micrometers

Ten-thousandths? Some micrometers have another vernier style scale to measure to the ten-thousandths of an inch

Ten-thousandths?

PMI Care Proper use and care Always wipe tool clean Always zero Ensure tool in good working condition Ensure surfaces are clean and dry * Never force tool When storing – clean & dry, use WD-40 Store open – let air circulate Never touch tips

Inside Micrometers Reads same way as micrometer (same scales, lines etc.) More difficult to use Make sure you know starting length! Open mic until touches and make sure you are on true plane Position correctly

Inside Micrometers

Inside Micrometers

Depth Micrometers Reads same way as micrometer (same scales, lines etc.) Used for determining depth Can add/remove rods

Depth Micrometers

Telescoping Gauges Used for measuring bore diameters and other clearances Also called “snap gauges” Available in small (small bore gauges) up to 6”

Telescoping Gauges Consists of two telescoping spring-loaded plungers A handle Lock screw * Small bore gauges are slightly different

Telescoping Gauges To use: Compress plungers Lightly tighten lock screw Install into bore Loosen lock screw; plungers expand tighten lock screw Measure with micrometer or other proper measuring instrument

Telescoping Gauges

Telescoping Gauges

Telescoping Gauges Do not: Open lock screw and allow plungers to open all the way unobstructed Over tighten the lock screw Treat the same as a PMI

Dial indicators Used for measuring movement Runout, parallelism, flatness etc. Consists of a body with outer ring Body has connection for mounting Stem and spindle (tips) Pointer and revolution counter

Dial indicators

Dial indicators Magnetic Stand Vice grips and flexible stand Rigid clamp stand

Dial indicators

Dial indicators

Dial indicators Important to make sure spindle is at 90° to the item being measured Adjust zero point May count above and below zero line Use “V” blocks for measuring shaft runout (cam/crank etc.)

Dial indicators

Dial indicators

Dial indicators

Cylinder Gauge Used to measure bore diameters with greater accuracy Works similar to inside micrometer but with dial gauge and spring loaded measuring point

Cylinder Gauge

Cylinder Gauge Care must be taken to accurately calibrate tool with washers and rods How to measure Measure work with vernier to select correct washer and rod Set micrometer to decided length and place cylinder gauge in micrometer. Zero gauge. Gauge is now exact to micrometer reading. Place tool in work. Move tool to find lowest point. This gives accurate and centered reading

Cylinder Gauge

Cylinder Gauge

Feeler Gauges Thin strip of metal or plastic of known and closely controlled thickness Usually come in a set where desired thickness can be pivoted out to use Uses Piston ring end gap, clearances, endplay, spark plug gap

Feeler Gauges

Feeler Gauges Special gauges made from plastic and brass for use on magnetic parts eg. Crank/speed sensors Special round-wire gauge for spark plug

Straightedge A precise machined bar, totally flat and straight used to check flat surfaces Cylinder head, block Used with feeler gauge to determine warpage

Straightedge

Torque Definition: “A turning or twisting force” Torque is a twisting force equal to the distance from the pivot point, times the force applied Expressed in N-m (newton-metres) or lb-ft (pound feet) Note: Newtons are sometimes replaced by kilograms or kg giving kg-m. * Watch because 1 N = 9.8kg

Torque Q: What is a torque wrench? A: It makes sure that big, burly mechanics and those of slighter builds agree on when a bolt is “tight.” Based on Hooke’s Law that simply states, “the extension of a spring (or other stretch object) is directly proportional to the force acting on it”

Torque

Torque Calibrated scale measures beams bend

Torque

Torque 4 types of torque wrenches in various ranges Beam (like previous slides) – old, not highly accurate Click type – most common – wrench emits audible “click” when desired torque reached Dial type – has a “dial indicator” style gauge that points to the amount of torque exerted on the wrench (some have light/buzzer) Digital – displays torque digitally (may have light/buzzer)

Torque wrench - beam

Torque wrench - clicker

Torque wrench - clicker

Torque wrench - clicker

Torque wrench - dial

Torque wrench - dial

Torque wrench – use for accurate readings Specs – make sure you find PROPER specs Mentally divide reading by 3 Hold torque wrench at 90° to fastener Tighten to 1/3 torque Tighten to 2/3 torque Tighten to torque value -10 Tighten to torque value Recheck torque

Torque wrench – Do’s Use at 90° to fastener Grip properly at handle In vertical applications, push down not pull up Use good sockets Use smooth motion Zero torque and release tension after use

Torque wrench – Don’ts “jerk” the torque wrench Continue after torque setting achieved Use a torque wrench for loosening fasteners Use cheater bars – torque values distorted

Torque wrench - cautions Avoid use of torque wrench at limits accuracy

Torque wrench - calibration Torque wrenches can go out of calibration Responsibility of tool owner to calibrate Usually based on use not just time

Torque wrench - adapters Adding adapters to a torque wrench will change torque value Demo Using socket extensions – 6”

Torque wrench Adding adapters to a torque wrench will change torque value Demo Using socket extensions – 6”