Recent Comparison/Validation Studies of the Wildfire ABBA (WF_ABBA) in North and South America Joleen M. Feltz *, Michel Moreau ^, Elaine M. Prins +, Kirsten McClaid-Cook #, Irving Foster Brown ## *Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI ^ Environment Canada/Meteorological Services/Quebec Region, Quebec, Canada + NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced Satellite Products Team # State University of New York, Albany, New York ## Woods Hole Research Center-WHRC, Federal University of Acre-UFAC, Federal University Fluminense-UFF

8-Year Comparison of 3-Hourly GOES ABBA and AVHRR INPE Fire Products in South America: In every year the GOES-8 ABBA diurnal fire product identified more fire pixels in the “arc of deforestation” than the single time period NOAA (pm overpass) AVHRR INPE fire product. This study demonstrates the complementary nature of multi-sensor fire detection programs. Arc of Deforestation

Validation/Comparison Studies in Western Brazil LBA Activity

The burning patterns in Acre are evident in a composite image of GOES-8 WF_ABBA The linear features represent burning along roadways. More intense burning is also evident along the border between Brazil and Bolivia.

Start dates and most start times listed for 88 fires in the Acre region Active fire or fire scar Latitude/Longitude Size in hectares Biomass and weather information Ground Truth Information for Fires in Acre During September/October 2002 Information provided by Kirsten McClaid-Cook

Distribution of Biomass Type Determined by Field Observation field observations (88 observations) WF_ABBA observed fire pixels (76 observations)

0 – Processed Fire Pixel 1 – Saturated Fire Pixel 2 – Cloudy Fire Pixel Possible Categories: 3 – High 4 – Medium 5 – Low GOES WF_ABBA Fire Categories Comparison of GOES WF_ABBA withGround Truth in Acre, Brazil

Number of observed fire pixels versus the percentage of region determined to be cloudy at 1745 UTC

Number of observed fire pixels versus the percentage of region determined to be cloudy at 2045 UTC

Quebec, Canada

a. b Quebec Validation Study Dates: 20 June through 31 August

Courtesy of Michel Moreau Environment Canada, Meteorological Ser vices, Quebec Region Quebec 2002 Validation Study in Quebec Red markers indicate fires first detected by the WF_ABBA. Filled red circles are fire pixels that were only detected by the WF_ABBA In one case, the WF_ABBA detected a fire 17 days in advance of the first fire agency report. This fire eventually burned more than 55,000 hectares. This fire was located in Northern Quebec where there is no need for systematic daily detection by SOPFEU

2002 Quebec Fire Season Results Fire Pixel FlagPositive Fire Detections Possible Fire Detections False Detections Processed2775 (3030)20 (20)52 (133) Saturated1979 (2001)0 (0)0 (6) Cloud Covered1978 (2120)2 (3)3 (11) High Possibility598 (689)1 (1)5 (170) Medium Possibility61 (88)9 (12)18 (197) Low Possibility448 (539)75 (113)168 (1660) Filtered 96% confirmed 1% possible 3% false UnFiltered 78% confirmed 2% possible 20% false

Western United States: Wildfires in June Smaller fires are more difficult to identify – large view angle. 2. Mountainous topography can hide fire signal 3. Diurnal heating will cause barren desert and rocky landscape to radiate close to the 3.9 micron saturation temperature.

Comparison of GOES WF_ABBA with Nature Conservancy Ground Truth in Minnesota 0 – Processed Fire Pixel 1 – Saturated Fire Pixel 2 – Cloudy Fire Pixel Possible Categories: 3 – High 4 – Medium 5 – Low GOES WF_ABBA Fire Categories

Conclusions Initial validation/comparison studies throughout the Western Hemisphere have shown that a consistent geostationary satellite fire monitoring algorithm can be applied in different biomes, under varying view angles and observing conditions. Algorithm is useful for varying user applications: initial detect, mapping of distribution of fires, etc. Temporal filtering significantly reduces false alarms, but also eliminates some short-lived fires. The diurnal information available from the GOES WF_ABBA can complement fire products from higher resolution systems (MODIS).