The Skeletal & Muscular Systems (Movement) Unit 1-9 Notes Mr. Hefti – Pulaski Biology

What are some good reasons we should we know about these organ systems?

Skeletal System Fun Facts 1.The largest bone is the pelvis or hip bone. It is actually made of six bones joined firmly together. 2.The longest bone is the femur. It makes up almost one quarter of the body's total height. 3.The smallest bone is the stirrup deep in the ear. It is slightly any larger than a grain of rice. 4.The ears and end of the nose do not have bones inside them. Their inner supports are cartilage, which is lighter and more flexible than bone. This is why the nose and ears can be bent. 5.After death cartilage rots faster than bone. This is why the skulls of skeletons have no nose or ears.

1.*Cranium (white) 2.Mandible (tan) 3.*Scapula (green) 4.Sternum (blue) 5.*Humerus (red) 6.Spine (yellow) 7.*Pelvis (white) 8.*Radius (purple) 9.*Ulna (orange) 10.*Carpals (green) 11.*Metacarpals (brown) 12.*Femur (red) 13.*Patella (purple) 14.Tibia (light blue) 15.Fibula (yellow) 16.Tarsals (green) 17.Metatarsals (tan) * = required organs

Muscular System Fun Facts 1.There are about 60 muscles in the face. Smiling is easier than frowning. It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown. 2.The longest muscle in the body is the sartorius, from the outside of the hip, down and across to the inside of the knee. It rotates the thigh outwards and bends the knee. 3.The smallest muscle in the body is the stapedius, deep in the ear. It is only 5mm long and thinner than a cotton thread. It is involved in hearing. 4.The biggest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus, in the buttock. It pulls the leg backwards powerfully for walking, running and climbing steps. 5.All muscles work in pairs – each one moves bones in a different direction.

1.Trapezius (light blue) 2.*Deltoid (red) 3.*Pectoralis (green) 4.*Biceps (yellow) 5.*Triceps (blue) 6.Obliques (tan) 7.*Extensors (orange) 8.Ligament (purple) 9.Gluteus maximus (red) 10.*Quadriceps (yellow) 11.Peroneus (brown) 12.*Gastrocnemius (green) 13.Soleus (orange) * = required organs

Make connections… How are the skeletal system and the muscular system related? – The muscles move the bones making complex motions possible. Why is smooth muscle essential to the circulatory and respiratory systems? – The blood vessels and digestive system organs are made of smooth muscle. Which organelle (found in plant cells) provides structure like bones? – Cell wall