An Introduction to Chemical Inorganic Nomenclature.

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Presentation transcript:

An Introduction to Chemical Inorganic Nomenclature

Picturing Molecules

A molecular formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance An empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in a substance H2OH2O H2OH2O molecularempirical C 6 H 12 O 6 CH 2 O O3O3 O N2H4N2H4 NH 2

Do You Empirical Formulas? Write empirical formulas for the following compounds Dinitrogen tetraoxide Propane (C 3 H 8 )

ionic compounds consist of a combination of cation(s) and an anion(s) the formula is always the same as the empirical formula the sum of the charges on the cation(s) and anion(s) in each formula unit must equal zero The ionic compound NaCl

Find the ions. Do they equal zero? Al 2 O 3 CaBr 2 Na 2 CO 3 Calcium hydroxide Ammonium chloride Mercury (I) sulfide

Chemical Nomenclature Ionic Compounds –often a metal + nonmetal –Monatomic anion (nonmetal), add “ide” to element root BaCl 2 K2OK2O Mg(OH) 2 KNO 3

Transition metal ionic compounds –indicate charge on metal with Roman numerals FeCl 2 FeCl 3 Cr 2 S 3

2.7 Binary molecular compounds have two elements. nonmetals or nonmetals + metalloids Many have common names H 2 O, NH 3, CH 4, C 60 The most metallic element is usually written first (i.e., the one to the farthest left on the periodic table). Exception: NH 3. If both elements are in the same group, the lower one is written first. Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms. Never write a prefix for the first element if there is only one atom Names and Formulas of Binary Molecular Compounds

N2ON2OIBr 4 N 2 Cl 4 Sulfur dioxide Xenon tetrachloride nitrogen trifluoride

An acid can be (loosely) defined as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water. HCl Pure substance, hydrogen chloride Dissolved in water (H + Cl - ), hydrochloric acid An oxoacid is an acid that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and another element. HNO 3 H 2 CO 3 H 2 SO 4 HNO 3

Naming Acids from the anion

Name the acids formed from the following anions Nitrate, Fluoride, Phosphate, Sulfite, Hydroxide, acetate

A base can be (loosely) defined as a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH - ) when dissolved in water. NaOH sodium hydroxide KOH potassium hydroxide Ba(OH) 2 barium hydroxide

Mixed Practice 1.Dinitrogen monoxide 2.Potassium sulfide 3.Copper (II) nitrate 4.Dichlorine heptoxide 5.Chromium (III) sulfate 6.Ferric sulfite 7.Calcium oxide 8.Barium carbonate 9.Iodine monochloride

1.BaI 2 2.P 4 S 3 3.Ca(OH) 2 4.FeCO 3 5.Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 6.I 2 O 5 7.Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 8.CS 2 9.B 2 Cl 4 Mixed Practice