Lesson – Disarmament

 Review goals of NPT treaty.  Compare different types of weapons.  Identify key treaties regulating nuclear arsenals.

 What are the goals of the NPT? Non-Proliferation Disarmament Fair Access for Peaceful Use exclusive-clip---proliferation

 Controlled nuclear reactions Heat  Steam  Electricity (19% in US)  Nuclear power plants Atomic energy  Radioactive Isotopes (Medicine, Agriculture, Industry) Nuclear Regulatory Com Dept of Energy Regulate use nuclear materials

 Missiles deliver conventional or nuclear warheads  Ballistic Missiles – enter atmosphere  Cruise Missiles – fly closer to ground  Tactical – short range missiles  Strategic – longer range missiles  IRBM Tactical ~2,500 mile target “Pershing Missiles”  SLBM Strategic “Poseidon / Trident”  ICBM Strategic 20K mph, targets 9K miles away “Minutemen / MX” US fixed site, USSR mobile launchers  ABM Destroy offensive missiles in space…  ABM defense systems

 US & Russia possess ~95% total global arsenal.  Since 1963 have worked to stop proliferation & reduce arsenals (most of the time!)

 LTBT (1963): US & Russia ban nuclear tests in atmosphere, underH20, & space…CTBT ( …) banned tests in all environments ( ↓ground)CTBT  NPT (1968) : Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty  SALT I (1972): ABM Treaty – Limit ABM systems, Pledge to not build ABM defense systems (US withdrew to pursue NMD under GW Bush) Interim Agreement – Froze # of strategic offensive weapons at current levels  SALT II (1979): Reduce strategic forces to 2,250 each ICBM/SLBM/ASBM Limits # of warheads & weight per missile Banned new strategic missile dvpt

 INF TREATY (1987): Abolish all intermediate nuclear & conventional missiles ( m)…remove from E/W Euro  START I (1991): Reduced # of strategic nuclear warheads from 10K per side to 6K ICBM’s to 1,600 per side/SLBM to 880 per side  START II (1993) Reduce # of long-range missiles and nuclear warheads from 6K per side to 3,500K US/3K Rus. Banned multiple warheads in strategic missiles US reduce # of warheads on SLBM

 SORT (2002)- US & Russia limit # of nuclear warheads 1700– 2200 operationally deployed warheads each Provision aimed at preventing spread of WMD’s (material/tech) to terrorists.  New START (2010): Reduce # of nuclear warheads to 1,500 Limit # of ICBM/SLBM missiles & launchers and heavy bombers

 Take a few minutes to evaluate your opinion on nuclear weapons… (survey)  Strongly Agree – 2 steps forward  Agree – 1 step forward  Undecided – Stay on the line  Oppose – 1 step back  Strongly Oppose – 2 steps back

 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) Prevent nuclear terrorism & proliferation and reduce the role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy, while sustaining a safe, secure & effective nuclear deterrent. Reading Activity “Nuclear Weapons Goals & Obstacles”  Moving Toward Zero zero---trailer#continuous_play=on

 What should our nuclear weapons policy look like? Should we keep nuclear weapons as an essential part of our security strategy? Modernize weapons, stockpiles, and a NMD. Should we rely on the current system of arms control and lead the international effort to strengthen treaties and minimize existing arsenals? Should we move toward nuclear zero and eliminate all nuclear weapons and defense systems now?

 Identify and describe the goals of three of the disarmament negotiations discussed today.