Southeast Nexus (SENEX) Studying the Interactions Between Natural and Anthropogenic Emissions at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change A NOAA Field Study in the Southeast U.S. in Summer 2013 Southeast U.S. has high anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, humidity, and photochemistry How do the emissions react to form aerosol and oxidants? What are the climate-relevant properties of the aerosol? Modeled aerosol forcing peaks in the SE U.S. [Leibensperger, ACP 2011] Modeled aerosol forcing peaks in the SE U.S. [Leibensperger, ACP 2011]

Scientific Motivation Southeast U.S.: Many secondary pollutants and radiative forcings are higher than elsewhere in the Nation How do anthropogenic and biogenic emissions interact and affect air quality and climate? OMI HCHO column peaks in summer SE U.S. [Millet, 2008]

Organic Aerosol IMPROVE V Report IMPROVE V Report Observations show highest organics in Southeast Satellite AOT shows strong seasonal cycle: biogenic SOA? (But: IMPROVE shows larger cycle for sulfate) Role of aqueous-phase processing? Role of nighttime oxidation of biogenic VOCs? What fraction of SOA is controllable? Goldstein [2009] Summer – Winter AOT from MISR

Sulfate Aerosol IMPROVE V Report IMPROVE V Report Sulfate still represents a major fraction of submicron aerosol in the East and Southeast Formation in gas phase vs. clouds poorly understood Models that include cloud oxidation overestimate sulfate [McKeen, 2007] Models that include cloud oxidation overestimate sulfate [McKeen, 2007]

Tropospheric Ozone Ozone (ppbv) AM3 model CASTNET obs Many models are biased high in the Summertime SE U.S. Yield and fate of isoprene nitrates? Nighttime chemistry and removal of NO x ? Difficulty in modeling the structure of the nighttime boundary layer? Fiore [2009]

Part of the motivation: Regional Climate Change and its causes Eastern U.S. has not warmed since 1950 and has received more precipitation [Portmann, PNAS 2009] Connection with aerosol distribution? SENEX contribution: 1.Describe and improve understanding of aerosol distribution 2.Describe climate- relevant properties of aerosol NOAA Science Challenge Workshop [2011]

Main Science Questions 1.What are the emissions of aerosol, aerosol precursors and greenhouse gases in the SE U.S.? 2.What is the composition and distribution of aerosol in the SE U.S.? 3.What are the formation mechanisms of secondary species (ozone, sulfate and organics) in the SE U.S.? 4.Which deposition processes are critical for determining atmospheric concentrations of aerosol, ozone and NOy? 5.What are the climate-relevant properties of aerosol in the SE U.S.?

Base of Operations: Smyrna near Nashville Within range of the NOAA WP-3D: Southeast, Smoky Mountains and Ozarks Atlanta SOAS site at Centerville Mississippi valley and mid-West Nashville Atlanta Centerville

Collaborations 1.Southern Oxidants and Aerosol Study (SOAS) (Carlton, Goldstein, Jimenez and Guenther) Centerville ground site C-130 aircraft 2.TropHONO (Zhou and Stutz) C-130 aircraft 3.NAAMEX (Jaffe) C-130 aircraft 4.Other SOAS ground sites: Look Rock, TN; RTP, NC; Birmingham, AL 5.SOAS chamber study (Seinfeld and Wennberg) Caltech NOMADSS June 1 – July 15 Smyrna

Nashville and Smyrna Nashville International Airport Smyrna Rutherford County Airport

Hangar 634 NOAA WP-3D Hangar 634 NOAA WP-3D Hangar 621 NSF C-130 Hangar 621 NSF C-130

Hangar 634 NOAA WP-3D Hangar 634 NOAA WP-3D

Integration NOAA WP-3 SENEX Payload Inlets, exhausts, power, Ethernet Schedule

CO NO, NO 2, NO y, O 3 TDL H 2 O Aerosol low turbulence inlet (LTI) WLOPC CCN CRD-AES; PAS PSAP; UHSAS SP2; AMS Operator seats: NO y O 3 : C3X CRDS: Sta. 2 PILS/AMS: Sta. 3 CIMS: Galley rotating: Galley NO 3, N 2 O 5 Flight Science NH 3 ; HNO 3 Acid CIMS iWAS2; NMASS N42RF layout - SENEX 2013 NOAA-CSD version PANs cloud probes PTR-MS HCHO ACES glyoxal SO 2 CO 2, CH 4 Non CSD collaborators CCN: Nenes HCHO: Hanisco/Keutsch Acid CIMS: Thornton jNO 2, jO 3

Operator seats: NO y O 3 : C3X CRDS: Sta. 2 PILS/AMS: Sta. 3 CIMS: Galley rotating: Galley Non CSD collaborators CCN: Nenes HCHO: Hanisco/Keutsch Acid CIMS: Thornton

2-page scientific instrument descriptions available on the website: egration/inst_worksheets.html

N43RF Exhaust Will be duplicated on N42RF in March 2013

N42RF Power and Cables

Integration Schedule April 12: windows and feet to Tampa April 19: truck to Tampa April 22-26:Sta C3X, Sta 8, LTI, WLOPC, FliSci April 29–May 2: Sta 2, Sta 6a, LIPF, AAMPS pod Shipping: April 19, 2013

Integration Schedule May 6-10: Sta 3, Sta 5, CO pod, CCN, j-heads May 13-17: Sta 4, Sta 6b, Dual Pass May 20-24: AOC prep May 27-30: Power checks and test flight May 31: Transit to Nashville Shipping: April 19, 2013

Integration Schedule Shipping: April 19, 2013

Integration Schedule July 15: transit to Tampa July 16-17: de-integration July 18:truck to Boulder July 19: unload truck go to the Rio Shipping: April 19, 2013

NO, NO 2, NO y, O 3 TDL H 2 O Aerosol low turbulence inlet (LTI) WLOPC Week 1: LTI+WLOPC Sta. C3X Sta. 8 J-cab N42RF integration- SENEX 2013 NOAA-CSD Week cloud probes PTR-MS HCHO Fl. Sci. comp

NO, NO 2, NO y, O 3 TDL H 2 O Aerosol low turbulence inlet (LTI) WLOPC CRD-AES; PAS PSAP; UHSAS Week 2: Sta. 2 AMPS pod Sta. 6a Sta. 7+LIPF NO 3, N 2 O 5 NH 3 ; HNO 3 iWAS2; NMASS N42RF integration- SENEX 2013 NOAA-CSD Week cloud probes PTR-MS HCHO Fl. Sci. comp Acid CIMS

CO NO, NO 2, NO y, O 3 TDL H 2 O Aerosol low turbulence inlet (LTI) WLOPC CCN CRD-AES; PAS PSAP; UHSAS SP2; PILS; AMS Week 3: CO pod Sta. 3 Sta.5 CCN J-heads NO 3, N 2 O 5 NH 3 ; HNO 3 Acid CIMS iWAS2; NMASS cloud probes PTR-MS HCHO glyoxal SO2 CO2, CH4 jNO 2, jO 3 Fl. Sci. comp N42RF integration- SENEX 2013 NOAA-CSD Week

CO NO, NO 2, NO y, O 3 TDL H 2 O Aerosol low turbulence inlet (LTI) WLOPC CCN CRD-AES; PAS PSAP; UHSAS SP2; PILS; AMS Week 4: Sta 4 Sta. 6b Dual Pass NO 3, N 2 O 5 NH 3 ; HNO 3 Acid CIMS iWAS2; NMASS PANs cloud probes PTR-MS HCHO glyoxal SO2 CO2, CH4 jNO 2, jO 3 N42RF integration- SENEX 2013 NOAA-CSD Week Fl. Sci. comp

Summary Shipping date: April 19, 2013 (4 months and 8 days away) Next: Hazmat Questions?