Hermeneutics Lesson XI: Wisdom Literature

What is wisdom? Wisdom may be defined in a variety of ways: common sense, insight, application of theoretical knowledge to practical problems, making good choices, etc. However, wisdom in the Bible refers to the pursuit of godliness, and making choices in light of the knowledge of God’s word and will. Thus “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and knowledge of the Holy One is understanding” (Prov. 9:10).

We may break down biblical wisdom into three types: Speculative wisdom. This is the type found in Job, Psalm 73, and Ecclesiastes. Here grand theological questions are pursued: “What is the purpose of life? If God is just, why do the righteous suffer?” Here the search is for ultimate wisdom and understanding in light of the big questions. Proverbial wisdom. This includes short, pithy statements concerning every day observations, teaching us how to live a peaceful, contented life. This will be our emphasis. Some have referred to the Song of Solomon as “lyrical wisdom,” teaching the beauty of romantic love.

English proverbs are the same: “Look before you leap.” “He who hesitates is lost.” “You’re never too old to learn.” “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.” “The race is to the swiftest.” “Slow and steady wins the race.” “Absence makes the heart grow fonder.” “Out of sight, out of mind.”

So remember the principles for interpreting proverbs: Proverbs are often guidelines, not laws. Proverbs need to be interpreted in light of other Scripture. Proverbs often implement symbolic and metaphorical language. Be aware of our general interpretive principles. Be aware of the cultural differences that sound foreign to us., and remember meaning, implications, and significance.

Cutting to the chase Interpret the following proverbs using the above criteria: 9:1-6, 11:22, 13:24, 14:4, 15:1, 15:3, 17:3, 18:11, 19:22, 25:6-7, 25:14, 30:24-28.