SOLUTIONS Terms to know: 1)Solution8) Saturated 2)Insoluble9) Unsaturated 3)Soluble10)Supersaturated 4)Solvent11)Solvation 5)Solute12)Desolvation 6)Miscible13)Crystallization.

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Presentation transcript:

SOLUTIONS Terms to know: 1)Solution8) Saturated 2)Insoluble9) Unsaturated 3)Soluble10)Supersaturated 4)Solvent11)Solvation 5)Solute12)Desolvation 6)Miscible13)Crystallization 7)Immiscible14)Hydration

A MOLECULAR VIEW OF THE SOLUTION PROCESS The ease with which a solute particle replaces a solvent molecule depends on the relative strengths of 3 types of interactions: 1)solvent-solvent interaction 2)solute-solute interaction 3)solvent-solute interaction

ATTRACTION AND ΔH If the solute-solvent attraction is stronger than the solvent-solvent attraction and the solute- solute attraction, the solution process is favorable, or exothermic (ΔH soln < 0) If the solute-solvent interaction is weaker than the solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions, then the solution process is endothermic (ΔH soln > 0)

THE SOLUTION PROCESS 1)Energy (exothermic/endothermic) 2)An inherent tendency toward disorder in all natural events Solubility – a measure of how much solute will dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature “Like dissolves like” – two substances with intermolecular forces of similar type and magnitude are likely to be soluble in each other (examples)

CONCENTRATION UNITS 1) Percent by mass: (no units) % = mass of solute/mass of soln x 100% 2)Mole fraction: (no units) X A = moles of A/sum of moles 3)Molarity: (mol/L) M = moles of solute/ liters of soln 4)Molality: (m) m = moles of solute/mass of solvent (kg)