Christopher Chase-Dunn Alexis Álvarez Dan Pasciuti Institute for Research on World-Systems University of California, Riverside

Constant Regions and PMNs 2000 B.C.E.

Constant Regions and PMNs 1400 C.E.

Constant Regions and PMNs 1500 C.E.

Constant Regions and the Central PMN 1800 C.E.

Contending Empires and Limited Territory 2 nd Largest Empire Largest Empire Saturation Threshold

REGIONS OF URBANIZATION

Ten Largest Cities in 650 B.C.E. CITIES EST POP Nineveh120 Lintzu80 Loyang70 Memphis65 Babylon60 NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Babylon 200 Yenhsiatu180 Athens155 Syracuse125 Loyang 100 Patna100 Memphis100 Ten Largest Cities in 430 B.C.E. NAMES OF THE SEVEN LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Changan400 Patna350 Alexandria300 Seleucia200 Carthage150 Ten Largest Cities in 200 B.C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Rome450 Loyang 420 Changan333 Alexandria250 Seleucia250 Ten Largest Cities in 100 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Constantinople300 Ctesiphon250 Rome150 Antioch150 Nanking150 Patna150 Ten Largest Cities in 360 C.E. NAMES OF THE SIX LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Constantinople120 Ctesiphon80 Loyang70 Antioch65 Nanking60 Ten Largest Cities in 500 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Ctesiphon500 Changan400 Constantinople350 Loyang 200 Kanauj120 Ten Largest Cities in 620 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Baghdad700 Changan600 Loyang300 Constantinople250 Kyoto200 Ten Largest Cities in 800 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Baghdad900 Changan500 Constantinople300 Cordova200 Kyoto200 Ten Largest Cities in 900 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Cordova450 Kaifeng400 Constantinpole300 Angkor200 Kyoto175 Ten Largest Cities in 1000 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Kaifeng442 Constantinople200 Kyoto175 Baghdad150 Cairo150 Kaylan150 Marrakesh150 Ten Largest Cities in 1100 C.E. NAMES OF THE SEVEN LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Constantinople200 Merv200 Cairo175 Fez160 Kaifeng150 Kyoto150 Pagan150 Ten Largest Cities in 1150 C.E. NAMES OF THE SEVEN LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Hangchow255 Cairo200 Fez200 Pagan180 Kamakura175 Ten Largest Cities in 1200 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Hangchow320 Cairo300 Fez200 Kamakura 200 Pagan 180 Ten Largest Cities in 1250 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Hangchow432 Peking401 Cairo400 Paris228 Kamakura200 Ten Largest Cities in 1300 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Hangchow432 Peking400 Cairo350 Paris215 Canton150 Kyoto150 Ten Largest Cities in 1350 C.E. NAMES OF THE SIX LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Nanknig487 Vijayanagar400 Cairo360 Paris280 Hangchow235 Ten Largest Cities in 1400 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Peking600 Vijayanagar455 Cairo380 Hangchow250 Tabriz200 Ten Largest Cities in 1450 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST

CITIES EST POP Peking672 Vijayanagar500 Cairo400 Hangchow250 Tabriz250 Ten Largest Cities in 1500 C.E. NAMES OF THE FIVE LARGEST