Blood Types Objective: Determine how blood types are inherited and how co-dominance applies to the ABO system

What Makes Up Blood? http://sciencespot.net/Media/FrnsScience/bloodbasicscard1.pdf RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) – The most abundant cells in our blood; they are produced in the bone marrow and contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our cells. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) –They are part of the immune system and destroy infectious agents called pathogens. PLASMA – This is the yellowish liquid portion of blood that contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins such as antibodies to fight infection. PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) – The clotting factors that are carried in the plasma; they clot together in a process called coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood.

Genetics of Blood Your blood type is established before you are born, by specific genes inherited from your parents. These two genes - one gene from your mother and one from your father - determine your blood type.

Who Has What Type? TYPES DISTRIBUTION RATIOS O + 1 person in 3 38.4% 7.7%       A + 32.3%       A - 1 person in 16 6.5%       B + 1 person in 12 9.4%       B - 1 person in 67 1.7%      AB + 1 person in 29 3.2%      AB - 1 person in 167 0.7% source: http://www.bloodbook.com/type-facts.html

Application to Medical Field   CAN RECEIVE O -** O + B - B + A - A + AB - AB Blood Types AB+ X O -

Genotypes & Phenotypes There are 4 different types of blood: A, B, AB & O. Blood types (phenotypes) are determined by the following allele or gene combination (genotype): Give the genotype(s) for each blood type. Type A = ____ ____ Type AB = ____ Type B = ____ ____ Type O = ____ AO AB AA BO BB O O

Dominant & Recessive O is recessive A is dominant B is dominant What happens if A + B?

A B A B Co-dominance Since A & B are both dominant it is co-dominant A new blood type results…AB

B O A B A O A O B O O O Example: Dad has Type B blood type (phenotype) because he has a B gene (blue) and an O gene (yellow) genotype. B O A B A O A Mom has Type A blood because she has an A gene (red) and an O gene (yellow) O B O O O

B O A O A A B O B O O O Example: Type A phenotype Type B phenotype Dad has Type B blood type (phenotype) because he has a B gene (blue) and an O gene (yellow) genotype. B O A O A A B ? Type A phenotype Mom has Type A blood because she has an A gene (red) and an O gene (yellow) O B O O O Type B phenotype Type O phenotype

Your Turn- Work it Out! Complete a Punnett Square in your science notebook for each of the following practice exercises. Write the genotype and phenotype in each quadrant of the Punnett Square. You may use colored pencils. Red=A, Blue=B, Yellow=O

Exercise 1: Dad has Type A blood (phenotype) because he has a A gene (red) and an O gene (yellow) A O O Mom has Type O blood (phenotype) because she has an O gene (yellow) and an O gene (yellow) genotype. O

A O O A O O O O A O O O Answer Key 1: Dad has Type A blood (phenotype) because he has a A gene (red) and an O gene (yellow) A O O A O O O Type A phenotype Type O phenotype Mom has Type O blood (phenotype) because she has an O gene (yellow) and an O gene (yellow) genotype. O A O O O Type A phenotype Type O phenotype

Exercise 2: Dad has Type A blood (phenotype) because he has a A gene (red) and an A gene (red) genotype A A A Mom has Type AB blood (phenotype) because she has an A gene (red) and an B gene (blue) genotype . B

A A A A A A A A B A B B Answer Key 2: Type A phenotype Dad has Type A blood (phenotype) because he has an A gene (red) and an A gene (red) genotype A A A A A A A Type A phenotype Type A phenotype Mom has Type AB blood (phenotype) because she has an A gene (red) and an B gene (blue) genotype . A B A B B Type AB phenotype Type AB phenotype

Exercise 3: Dad has Type B blood (phenotype) because he has a B gene (blue) and an B gene (blue) genotype Mom has Type B blood (phenotype) because she has an B gene (blue) and an O gene (yellow) genotype

B B B B B B B B O B O O Answer Key 3: Dad has Type B blood (phenotype) because he has a B gene (blue) and an B gene (blue) genotype B B B B B B B Type B phenotype Type B phenotype Mom has Type B blood (phenotype) because she has an B gene (blue) and an O gene (yellow) genotype B O B O O Type B phenotype Type B phenotype

Exercise 4: Dad has Type AB blood (phenotype) because he has an A gene (red) and a B gene (blue) genotype Mom has Type A blood (phenotype) because she has an A gene (red) and an O gene (yellow)

B A A A A B A B O A O O Answer Key 4: Type AB phenotype Dad has Type AB blood (phenotype) because he has an A gene (red) and a B gene (blue) genotype B A A A A B A Mom has Type A blood (phenotype) because she has an A gene (red) and an O gene (yellow) Type AB phenotype Type A phenotype B O A O O Type A phenotype Type B phenotype

Bonus Exercise: Dad has Type B blood (phenotype) because he has a B gene (blue) and an O gene (yellow) genotype Mom has Type A blood (phenotype) because she has an A gene (red) and an O gene (yellow) genotype.

B O A B A O A B O O O O Bonus Answer Key: Dad has Type B blood (phenotype) because he has a B gene (blue) and an O gene (yellow) genotype B O A B A O A Mom has Type A blood (phenotype) because she has an A gene (red) and an O gene (yellow) genotype. Type AB phenotype Type A phenotype B O O O O Type B phenotype Type O phenotype

Optional Extension Ask your parents if they know their blood type. Ask your parents if they know your blood type.