China WWII to Present

Tour The Wall Walk the Wall

Communists VS. Nationalists Mao Zedong Mao Zedong –Communist Leader Chaing Kai-Shek Chaing Kai-Shek –Nationalist Leader

The Long March Mao’s communists flee Nationalist Army Mao’s communists flee Nationalist Army 6000 mile chase 6000 mile chase 90,000 communist troops start 7,000 finish 90,000 communist troops start 7,000 finish Chase lasts more than 1 year Chase lasts more than 1 year Prior to Japanese invasion, Chaing has nearly destroyed Communists in China Prior to Japanese invasion, Chaing has nearly destroyed Communists in China

Japanese Invasion of China Invade Manchuria 1931 Invade Manchuria 1931 –Expansion/Imperialism –(Leads to Pearl Harbor) Nationalist Government moves capital to city of Nanking Nationalist Government moves capital to city of Nanking 1 million residents (2/3 are refugees) 1 million residents (2/3 are refugees)

The Nanking Massacre (Rape of Nanking) Chinese defend walled city to no avail Chinese defend walled city to no avail City falls after 3 days City falls after 3 days 50,000 refugees killed trying to cross Yangtze River (Less than 1 hour) 50,000 refugees killed trying to cross Yangtze River (Less than 1 hour) After 1 st day Japanese were in city, streets were covered with bodies After 1 st day Japanese were in city, streets were covered with bodies

Mass Executions Japanese arrest suspected soldiers Japanese arrest suspected soldiers 2,000 – tens of thousands at a time 2,000 – tens of thousands at a time Methods- Methods- –Machine guns –Bayoneted –Gasoline (Burned alive) –Buried alive

Attrocities Civilian Victims- Civilian Victims- –Shooting –Stabbing –Decapitation –Slicing open the abdomen –Drowning –Burning –Castration

Rapes 20,000 women raped 20,000 women raped –Girls as young as 10 –Women as old as 70 –Pregnant women –Nuns –Gang rape –Fathers forced to rape daughters –Sons forced to rape mothers Most brutally killed afterward Most brutally killed afterward Some sold into slavery (Military concubines) Some sold into slavery (Military concubines)

Atrocities Continued Every building and person was looted Every building and person was looted Organized burnings Organized burnings –Hide, and killed those who came to put out fire –City burned to ashes The killing Game The killing Game –2 generals compete to decapitate the largest # of victims Japanese denial of incident Japanese denial of incident

Witness the Massacre ng_Massacre/index.html ng_Massacre/index.html ng_Massacre/index.html ng_Massacre/index.html o/ /cover/china html o/ /cover/china html o/ /cover/china html o/ /cover/china html

Fighting resumes Following WWII, Nationalists & Communists resume fighting Following WWII, Nationalists & Communists resume fighting Communists take control in 1949 Communists take control in 1949 –How  Appeal to poor (land)  Rid country of foreigners  Chance to become world power Nationalists flee to Taiwan Nationalists flee to Taiwan

Mao Zedong Becomes a national hero overnight Becomes a national hero overnight “Little Red Book” “Little Red Book” –Said to have all of the worlds answers Ends private ownership of land Ends private ownership of land Moves to collectivize all farms Moves to collectivize all farms

The Great Leap Forward Superhuman effort to modernize Superhuman effort to modernize China divided into communes China divided into communes –Families are separated Effects Effects –Peasants revolt –Food production falls –Lack of effort in work (guaranteed income) –Floods and famine

Cultural Revolution Mao urges young to root out capitalism Mao urges young to root out capitalism Red Guard is organized Red Guard is organized –Mao’s personal police force –“College students” –Attack all those who oppose Mao Effects Effects –Chaos –Schools closed –Factory production slows –Many dead or imprisoned –Army forced to restore order

China (Post Mao) Mao dies 1976 Mao dies 1976 Power Struggle (2 groups) Power Struggle (2 groups) –Gang of 4  Mao’s wife and supporters –Moderates  Deng Xiaoping Gang of 4 are arrested and imprisoned Gang of 4 are arrested and imprisoned Deng takes control Deng takes control

China Under Deng Xiaoping 4 Modernizations 4 Modernizations –Modernize agriculture –Expand industry –Develop science and tech. –Upgrade defense forces  Responsibility system

Tiananmen Square Student protest of government Student protest of government Call for democracy Call for democracy