Chapter 23 The Great Depression and the New Deal I can understand how the Great Depression affected the American People and changed the role of government

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Ch 23, Sec 1 Hoover and the Crash I can understand how the economy collapsed after the stock market crash

Remember?? Mining, RR’s, clothing, agriculture all declining BUT Stock prices rising Buying on credit and margin

Watch Out This works as long as you can sell your stock and still pay the margin. That means stock prices HAVE TO rise Oct. 23, 1929, stock prices fell Market crashed completely, Oct. 29, 1929 – BLACK TUESDAY

CAUSES OF DEPRESSION Stock market crash – investors lost $ Overproduction Farms go bankrupt, can’t pay loans Banks fail – depositors lose $ Business close Foreign countries can’t pay debt

Human Cost Unemployment , 3% to 25% (25 mil) City people hit hard Salaries cut Poverty People lost homes

Hoover Thought all would work out Urged local gov’t, business and charities to help Finally – The Reconstruction Finance Corporation Didn’t work

Hoover Didn’t work. Hoovervilles June 1932 Bonus march on Washington D.C.

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Ch 23 Sec 2 Roosevelt and the New Deal I can understand how Franklin Roosevelt responded to the Great Depression

F.D.R. Elected President Nov. 1932, took office in 1933 Created the New Deal Became a popular President

F.D.R. Said in inaugural speech, March 4, 1933 “THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF”

F.D.R. Closed banks for 4 days Got Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act on March 9, 1933 Talked on Radio, Fireside chats

F.D.R. GOALS 1.Relief for jobless 2.Economic recovery 3.Reforms to prevent repeats

JOBS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES F.E.R.A. – Financial help for unemployed C.C.C. – hired jobless men for conservation projects W.P.A. – Hired people to build government projects

Economic Recovery N.R.A. – Stabilize prices, increase employment P.W.A. – hired people for government projects T.V.A. – build dams

REFORMS F.D.I.C. Companies must report honestly about stock Federal agencies to enforce rules

Obstacles Supreme Court – Ruled some reforms unconstitutional SOLUTION Roosevelt tried to increase court members and appoint people who agreed with him

Outcome Congress said NO! ?? – Does the Constitution say how many members on Court NO!! But Congress disagreed What does this say about FDR?

Outcome Roosevelt eventually appointed 8 members during his 4 terms

Critics Huey Long – Democrat Louisiana - Take from the rich and give to the poor

Critics Francis Townsend – Gov’t pensions. Every retired person gets $200 per month - Did not pass but led to Social Security

Critics Fr. Charles Coughlin – Gov’t should take over banks

What do you think? Long – Townsend - Coughlin -

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Ch 23 Sec 3 Life in the Great Depression I can understand how the Great Depression affected daily life

Life during Depression - Women Women – Secretaries, Teachers. What problems could they face?

An active First Lady Who is the First Lady? Eleanor Roosevelt transformed job Became an activist -Eyes and ears of President - Speeches on radio, wrote newspaper articles - Championed women’s rights

African Americans Cotton prices down African Americans lost jobs Moved to cities in south Whites held jobs 50% unemployment

The Great Migration - Continued Blacks moved North Blacks found few jobs

F.D.R. – Mixed record African Americans supported F.D.R. Appointed 100 African Americans to gov’t jobs Unofficial black cabinet – Advised F.D.R. on African American issues

F.D.R. Mixed Record Did not support Federal Anti- Lynching law – WHY? - Afraid of losing white Southern Senators vote on New Deal programs Did little to support minority rights including Mexicans (now being deported)

Symbolism African American singer, Marian Anderson denied opportunity to sing at D.A.R. Hall – 1939 Eleanor Roosevelt quit D.A.R. Arranged performance At Lincoln Memorial – Easter – 75,00 attended

The Dust Bowl Drought

The Dust Bowl

Arts and Literature Steinbeck’s – The Grapes of wrath Mickey Mouse Shirley Temple Soap Operas

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Ch 23, Sec 4 Legacy I understand the long term effects of the New Deal

Legacy Social Security Payroll deductions ADC Financial help to unemployed

Legacy Labor – Right to organize without being fired Collective bargaining Minimum wage – Maximum hours Restricted child labor

Legacy POSITIVE Created jobs Ended bank crisis Reformed stock market Improved working condition Democracy NOT dictatorship NEGATIVE Deficit spending Expanded role of Gov’t. Threatened individual freedom and business