Sea water dielectric constant, temperature and remote sensing of Sea Surface Salinity E. P. Dinnat 1,2, D. M. Le Vine 1, J. Boutin 3, X. Yin 3, 1 Cryospheric.

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Presentation transcript:

Sea water dielectric constant, temperature and remote sensing of Sea Surface Salinity E. P. Dinnat 1,2, D. M. Le Vine 1, J. Boutin 3, X. Yin 3, 1 Cryospheric Sciences Lab., NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, U.S.A 2 Chapman University, Orange, CA, U.S.A. 3 LOCEAN, Paris, France

SSS retrieved by SMOS and Aquarius differs significantly. Effects of dielectric constant model, ancillary data for SST? 11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Motivation SSS: Aquarius – SMOS (Jan 2012)

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Outline Presentation of SMOS and Aquarius – Mission parameters – Quick overview of calibration and retrieval algorithm Comparison of SSS from SMOS and Aquarius Impact of: – sea water dielectric constant model – ancillary SST Comparisons with Argo in situ data Summary

Both measure sea surface salinity (SSS) globally, monthly, precision ~ 0.2 psu. L-band radiometry. Sun synchronous polar orbit (equatorial ascending node = 6 PM for Aquarius, = 6AM for SMOS) Aquarius has 3 beams pointing across track (pushbroom) towards the night side. SMOS is an imager (interferometer): better spatial resolution, multiple incidence angles over a wide range. Aquarius has a better radiometric sensitivity & scatterometer to correct for effects of surface roughness. 11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. SMOS and Aquarius/SAC-D Mission Parameters Aquarius has 3 beams pointing toward the night side of the Earth SMOS images a large area under multiple incidence angle and at high resolution

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. SMOS and Aquarius/SAC-D Algorithm and vicarious calibration

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. SMOS and Aquarius/SAC-D Algorithm and vicarious calibration

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. SMOS and Aquarius/SAC-D Algorithm and vicarious calibration

Aquarius SSS L2 V3.0 Source: Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center Along track 1.44 sec. Binned monthly at 1°x1° Ascending & descending orbits combined SMOS SSS L3 (LOCEAN processing) Source: Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS (CATDS) eftp.ifremer.fr/salinity/ Monthly maps at 0.25°x0.25° Binned monthly at 1°x1° Ascending & descending orbits combined 11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Comparison of SSS from SMOS and Aquarius Data sources and processing

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Comparison of SSS from SMOS and Aquarius Global map of SSS from Aquarius and SMOS (Jan 2012) SMOSAquarius Very similar large-scale structures, but significant regional differences (e.g. freshening around coastlines for SMOS, higher SSS close to ice edge at 60S). ‘fresh’ SSS =land contamination

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Comparison of SSS from SMOS and Aquarius Differences SSS Aquarius – SMOS versus latitude Aquarius – SMOS vs LatitudeAquarius - SMOS Differences shows large dependence on latitude, cf. around 40N, 50S and 60S.

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Comparison of SSS from SMOS and Aquarius Differences SSS Aquarius – SMOS depends on SST SSTAquarius - SMOS Differences pattern is similar to SST pattern.

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Comparison of SSS from SMOS and Aquarius Differences SSS Aquarius – SMOS versus SST Aquarius – SMOS vs SSTAquarius - SMOS Aquarius SSS is 1/ fresher for very cold water ( 22°C)

Impact of the dielectric constant model We reprocess Aquarius data using SMOS dielectric constant model (i.e. Klein and Swift 1977) for: Radiometers Calibration SSS Retrieval 11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Impact of the dielectric constant model Aquarius reprocessed with SMOS dielectric constant |Aq – SMOS| - |Aq_repr – SMOS| Aquarius match with SMOS is improved between 6°C and 18°degC (~ 0.2 psu) improvedsameworse better worse

Impact of SST ancillary product Aquarius : NOAA Optimally Interpolated SST (IR satellite) “Reynolds” SMOS : Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis OSTIA (IR and microwave satellites) 11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Impact of SST ancillary product SST differences OSTIA – Reynolds NOAA OI Mean = 0.2C Median = 0.1C

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Impact of SST ancillary product SST differences OSTIA – Reynolds NOAA OI Mean = 0.2C Median = 0.1C

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Impact of SST ancillary product SST interpolated at Aquarius footprints  SST OSTIA – Reynolds (°C)  TbV OSTIA – NOAA (K)

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Impact of SST ancillary product SST interpolated at Aquarius footprints  SST OSTIA – Reynolds (°C)  TbV OSTIA – Reynolds (K) ~ 3years of data  TbV OSTIA – NOAA (K) 7-day global average

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Impact of SST ancillary product SST interpolated at Aquarius footprints  SST OSTIA – Reynolds (°C)  TbV OSTIA – Reynolds (K) ~ 3years of data  TbV OSTIA – NOAA (K) 7-day global average  SSS OSTIA – Reynolds (K) Week 46

Comparison to Argo in situ data (*) global network of 3000 free-drifting profiling floats ( 11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. SSS difference with Argo for all algorithms Aquarius – Argo SSS (psu)Aquarius (nominal) - Argo

SSS difference between Aquarius and SMOS is in part due to dielectric constant model (~0.2 psu in temperate waters) Large differences remain in very cold waters and around coastlines Differences in ancillary SST: no impact on calibration large (~1 psu) SSS differences in cold waters. 11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Summary  SSS OSTIA – Reynolds (K) Aquarius – Argo SSS (psu)

BACKUP 11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.

11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.

Differences in ancillary SSS used in calibration SMOS: region in Pacific ocean to compute and Ocean Target Transformation (OTT) The OTT consists of removing average difference between measured Tb and forward model OTT uses ancillary SSS 11/13/2014 Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.

Ancillary SSS differences in SMOS calibration targetAncillary SSS differences in SMOS calibration target 11/13/2014

Comparison of SSS from Aquarius and Argo~22 months of dataComparison of SSS from Aquarius and Argo~22 months of data SSS ‘error’ (= difference with Argo) depends on SST  An empirical correction to SSS is introduced in V3.0 as a function of SST:  SSS = *T *T Aquarius - Argo Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Aquarius - Argo 11/13/2014

Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. SSS V3.0 – Argo : Nominal and ‘bias adjusted’ Aquarius - ArgoAquarius bias adjusted- Argo

SSS V3.0 – Argo : Nominal and ‘bias adjusted’ vs SSTSSS V3.0 – Argo : Nominal and ‘bias adjusted’ vs SST V3.0 bias adjustment reduces error except for very cold waters Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Aquarius - ArgoAquarius bias adjusted- Argo 11/13/2014

SSS V3.0 – Argo : Nominal and reprocessed with Klein and Swift model Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Aquarius - ArgoAquarius KS - Argo 11/13/2014

SSS V3.0 – Argo : Nominal and reprocessed with Klein and Swift model vs SST Both model show fresher water than Argo in warm water (precipitations/stratification) KS model shows smallest differences from 6 degC to 22 degC Very cold waters are worsened by the reprocessing Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. Aquarius - ArgoAquarius KS - Argo 11/13/2014

SSS difference with Argo for all algorithmsSSS difference with Argo for all algorithms Cold waters < 6 deg C nominal L2 matches Argo the best 6 < SST < 22 deg C bias adjusted SSS reduces bias in nominal L2, KS provides the best match SST > 25 degC bias adjusted SSS provides the best match, but the lower SSS in other products could be due to precipitations. Should it be adjusted? Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. 11/13/2014

Inter-beam difference vs latitude (top) ascending and (bottom) descending orbits outer - middle outer - inner middle - inner Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. 11/13/2014

Dinnat et al., Aquarius Science Team Meeting, Seattle, WA, U.S.A. SSS difference between Aquarius reprocessed and SMOS Aquarius (Reprocessed) - SMOS Reprocessed Aquarius SSS have reduced differences with SMOS SSS for SST between 6°C and 18°C Nominal Aquarius Reprocessed Aquarius (SMOS  )