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F. Wentz, T. Meissner, J. Scott and K. Hilburn Remote Sensing Systems 2014 Aquarius / SAC-D Science Team Meeting November 11- 14,

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Presentation on theme: "F. Wentz, T. Meissner, J. Scott and K. Hilburn Remote Sensing Systems 2014 Aquarius / SAC-D Science Team Meeting November 11- 14,"— Presentation transcript:

1 F. Wentz, T. Meissner, J. Scott and K. Hilburn Remote Sensing Systems frank.wentz@remss.com 2014 Aquarius / SAC-D Science Team Meeting November 11- 14, 2014 Seattle. Washington, USA

2 Outline 1.Short Review: V2.0 → V3.0 2.Going Forward: V3.0 → V4.0 → Future

3 Aquarius Version 3.0 Released June 2014 ADPS V2.0 ADPS V3.0 Surface Roughness Correction Based on NCEP wind speeds and scatterometer sigma-0. Reflected Galaxy Physical model: Ocean surface modelled as ensemble of tilted facets: Geometric Optics Antenna Pattern Correction based on GRASP 2012 computer antenna simulations Surface Roughness Correction Based on Aquarius wind speeds HH-pol scatterometer + H-pol radiometer Reflected Galaxy Geometric Optics (about 90%) Symmetrization between ascending and descending swaths Antenna Pattern Correction Reduced biases over land + ice Reduced biases in 3 rd Stokes Q/C and RFI flagging d_SSS(SST) bias adjustment

4 Symmetrization of Galaxy Reflections Month Latitude GO (V2.0) GO + empirical adjustment (V3.0) Ascending Minus Descending Salinity Differences

5 SST Dependent Biases Post-hoc Correction Caused by SST dependent biases in GMF 0.1 K uncertainty in GMF is 0.2 psu uncertainty in SSS Dielectric constant of seawater Oxygen absorption (non-resonant continuum) Surface roughness model Most likely a combination of such See talk T. Meissner "Bias adjusted" SSS product is provided in V3.0 in addition to standard product Derived after filtering out rain

6 Impact on Performance Local Biases V3.0 bias adjusted V3.0 bias adjusted V3.0 no adjustment V3.0 no adjustment

7 Antenna Pattern Correction: V2.0 → V3.0 About 1.5% reduction in spillover Spillover values η from scale model AP Cross pol values χ from GRASP 2012 AP Adjustment in the 3 rd Stokes couplings Change in the V/H asymmetry of spillover values of horn 2 and horn 3 A big improvement over V2. Ocean, land, cold space more consistent (4 K for land). Clear and straightforward documentation (RSS Tech. Report 05192014 and the Revised ATBD).

8 Impact on Performance Triple Colocation Statistics Global. Rain Filtered AQ – HYCOM – ADPRC ARGO Differences σ [psu] 3 o monthly averages AQUARIUS – HYCOM AQUARIUS – ARGO HYCOM – ARGO V3.00.290.310.25 SST Bias adjusted0.240.270.25 Estimated Individual Errors σ [psu] AQ – HYCOM – ADPRC ARGO σ [psu] 3 o monthly averages (1.5 o monthly averages) AQUARIUSHYCOMARGO V3.00.24 (0.27)0.160.19 SST bias adjusted0.18 (0.22)0.160.19

9 Version 4.0 Replace dSSS(SST) correction with Updated Geophysical Model Replacement for MWR Rain Flagging and Correction Future Continue TB Modeling Research into Causes of Salinity Anomalies SST Impact Comparison Study Estimate of Error (Cold water, land, galaxy) Improved Land Correction: (Hybrid Antenna, Land Emissivity Model) Reflected Galaxy (Harmonic Analysis based on SMAP) Upcoming and Future Work

10 Improved Geophysical Model Small errors (0.1K) in model for L-band TOA TB are likely the cause for regional SSS errors of order 0.2 psu. Dielectric constant of seawater Oxygen absorption (non-resonant continuum) Surface roughness model Most likely a combination of such See talk T. Meissner

11 Rain Flagging and Correction NCEP Cloud Water is currently being used for rain flagging and correction NCEP does a poor job of locating and quantifying rain NCEP was intended as just a placeholder for MWR, which is great for rain flagging Alternatives: CMORPH, MW Imager Array CMORPH has the advantage of always available Listen to Thomas Meissner Talk The Rain Splashing Effect Any splashing effect seems to be removed by the wind correction algorithm Aquarius winds may have error, but SSS seem OK Hence no additional correction is required

12 SST Comparison Study SSS retrievals required that SST be specified: TB(SSS,SST, wind, etc.) 0.5C = 0.2 psu, but not constant Currently using NCEP daily SST product (Reynolds) Previous studies on the choice of SST product were limited Early (more noisy) versions of SSS Looking for large obvious errors Only 2 products were consider We will do a more careful and extended impact analysis of choice of SST product Approximately 5 SST products: MW only, IR, Hybrid Coordinate with NASA SST Science Team Will provide an estimate of error in SSS retrieval due to uncertainty in SST May result in a change in ancillary SST product for Version updates after V4.

13 Provide Users with Estimate of SSS Retrieval Error The SSS retrieval error is a dynamic quantity Larger in cold water: fairly easy to model using dTB/dSSS High winds will degrade retrievals Biasing close to land Areas of RFI This is Becoming a Standard Requirement Formal Approach based on partial derivatives Empirical Approach based on cal/val experience RSS experience with MW imagers: a complex problem But, Aquarius is simpler

14 Improved Land Correction Quick Review of Current Land Correction Done at the TA Level Really an Antenna Side-lobe Correction New Hybrid Antenna Pattern for the Simulation Following approach of Emmanuel Dinnat: Remove power from the back-lobe and put it into main lobe. 1.5% reduction in spillover New Land TB model based on Aquarius Observations

15 Side-Lobe Correction Exact TB is simulated as integral of Earth TB over AP. Need land emissivity model to compute Earth TB. Correction table is stratified according to the spacecraft nadir longitude, the spacecraft position in orbit, month (climatology), polarization (v-pol, h- pol), and horn (inner, middle, and outer). How good is our current land emissivity model? Correction: Table form Ocean boresight TB Exact TB Integrate over AP

16 Land Emissivity: Aquarius - RTM Estimated impact on land correction: For land fraction: 0.01 25 K error in land emissivity → 0.5 psu error in SSS

17 Galaxy Reflections 1.4 GHz is a protected band because of the Astronomers Galaxy glows at 1.4 GHz and we see the reflections from the ocean Largest reflections as large as 5 K (10 psu) Basic geometric optics (tilted mirror-like facets) used as model Accurate to about 5-10% Residual errors about 0.5 psu 4-fold integral used to compute reflected galactic radiation New Information and Improvements Harmonic Analysis of SMAP Observations New Hybrid Antenna Pattern for the Simulation

18 Version 4.0 Replace dSSS(SST) correction with Updated Geophysical Model Replacement for MWR Rain Flagging and Correction Future Continue TB Modeling Research into Causes of Salinity Anomalies SST Impact Comparison Study Estimate of Error (Cold water, land, galaxy) Improved Land Correction: (Hybrid Antenna, Land Emissivity Model) Reflected Galaxy (Harmonic Analysis based on SMAP) Summary

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