Revolutions 6/10/13 OBJECTIVE: Examine “The Long Chain”. MCSS WH I. Administrative Stuff -Attendance II. CONNECTIONS -notes on episode#7 “The Long Chain”
Revolutions 6/11/13 OBJECTIVE: Examine Russian Expansion & Revolutions. MCSS WH I. Journal#30pt.A -Examine the picture on p.603 -Answer the caption question on p.603 II. Journal#30pt.B -notes on Russia during the 1800s
Russian Expansion For years Russian rulers expanded their empires. Ivan IV opened Siberia to traders & explorers which eventually extended the empire to the pacific. Peter the Great won the cold water ports of modern day Estonia & Latvia Catherine the Great won warm water ports on the Black Sea & lands in modern day Poland, Lithuania, & Belarus.
The Russian Empire
Revolt & Repression Serfs wanted freedom & their own land to farm. A few nobles supported enlightenment ideas -life, liberty, property -separation of powers Nobles didn’t agree on the types of reforms to establish. As education spread, the middle class demanded reforms at a quicker pace than the nobles did.
Decembrist Revolution Small group of army offices tried to overthrow the Czar & establish a republic. Result: FAILURE!! Leaders killed or sent to Siberia
Czar’s Reaction to Decembrists Czar imposed strict censorship & banned books from the West. Used secret police to spy on students & teachers Enforced Russian nationalism & loyalty to the Russian Orthodox Church as a way to united his vast multi- national empire. Pogroms – organized acts of violence against Jews The gov’t blamed the Jews as the source of Russian poverty The violence forced many Jews to leave Russia & go to Germany.
Russia’s Real Economic Problem Russian political & economic system slowed industrial growth in Russia Western European nations got stronger and more powerful because factories had lots of labor Russian factories didn’t have a lot of labor because serfs couldn’t leave the land they worked
Czar Alexander II In 1861, he freed the the serfs, but made them buy the land they lived on at high prices. Since most peasants owed so much money they lived in poverty.
Effects of Industrialization In the late 1800s industry expanded & peasants moved to cities where new factories were being built. The middle class grew, so did education Better healthcare & more food caused the population to soar. Life in the cities was bad. -little pay -long hours -dangerous working conditions
Revolutionary Movements Decembrist Revolt – 1825 *Goal – set up a republic Mid –1860s *Goal – establish socialism Who were the revolutionaries? -Most came from the small, but growing educated classes
What they did? Tried to get peasants to support their revolution. When this failed, they turned to terrorism. They assassinated Czar Alexander the II.
Czar Alexander III He succeeded his father & returned to the repressive actions his father relaxed. Despite this crackdown, by the time Czar Nicholas II came to power a new form of socialism, called Marxism became popular with the revolutionaries. Czar_Of_Russia_Nadar.jpg/433px-Alexander_III._Czar_Of_Russia_Nadar.jpg
Revolutions 6/12/13 Final Exams: Hours 1,2,3
Revolutions 6/13/13 OBJECTIVE: FINAL EXAM I. Administrative Stuff -attendance & distribution of test II. FINAL EXAM