A DATA BASE FOR FARMED SOLITARY BEES AND WASPS: A PRELIMINARY NOTICE Peter E. Hallett Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto. Also 144 Hendon Avenue, Toronto, M2M 1A7.

One of the pair of replicate stands (at 1 of 3 field sites)

Boxes with stacks of nest blocks

Biodiversity…..

….and lack of it.

Bee blocking its own species

Bee blockades & destroys wasp

Scope of the project Start date depending on field site. 3 field sites. 2 replicate stands of 3 hives each per site 4000 cavities offered for nesting per year. Upto 6000 computable and translatable records per annual generation. Photographs. Documentation. Ancilliary studies. Small museum collection of hosts and parasitoids. Unused equipment for use at Jokers Hill, UoT. Livestock with records available for jump-starts of field projects.

Progressive elaborations in recording and the associated conceptual projects I. Censused population dynamics , and onwards. II. Spatial distributions of nests , and onwards. III. Key factors in space and time (critical stages, causes of death) 2004 onwards. IV. Effects of species-neutral harvesting and selective culls on production and biodiversity. New.

I. Censused population dynamics , and onwards. For each host and parasitoid species (or species group), and field site: Count of overwintering cocoons Count of culls

II. Spatial distributions of nests , and onwards For each and every potential nest site, each year: Physical aspects: position & bore width, etc. Taxon of each nest Plus some ancilliary data including count of overwintering immatures, stage of nest death, chrysidid and bombyliid parasitoids.

III. Key factors in space and time (critical stages, causes of death) 2004 onwards For each and every potential nest site, each year: physical aspects: position & bore width, etc. species for each nest. counts at each of 6 survival stages. losses to parasitoids, pests, pathogens, early emergence, nest competition, unknown causes. dates of nesting behaviours (2005-).

A short record ]mpA_wlm.ns060711&3-3%0:# A new generation nest of Megachile pugnata was identified by its characteristic appearance. The nest was found stoppered on The three provisioned and sealed cells failed to develop later instar larvae, and the nest was scraped clean by me. There was no other nest in the bore that year.

Sibling mating in unwintered Potter Wasps

Unobserved & so not in the records Matings: females per male, or males per female. Nests & eggs per female. Genetics. Finer splits of early causes of death. #s of the sexes emerging. #s of females immigrating or emigrating between stands, or between stand and environment.