Implementing the Mutually Adaptive Learning Paradigm Implementing the Mutually Adaptive Learning Paradigm Nan Frydland and Judy Zivan Long Island University, Hudson Graduate Campus Guiding the Autonomous Mind: Perspectives in TESOL and Applied Linguistics NYS TESOL Applied Linguistics Winter Conference 2014 Teachers College, Columbia University New York City

Mutually Adaptive Learning Paradigm: Culturally Responsive Teaching Ways of Learning: Western-style v. Informal Ways of Being: Individualistic v. Collectivistic The Intercultural Communication Framework: Relationships, Priorities, and Associations

Mutually Adaptive Learning Paradigm (MALP) Components of LearningStruggling L2 LearnersWestern-Style Education ACCEPTS CONDITIONS from learners. Immediate Relevance Interconnectedness Future Relevance Independence COMBINE PROCESSES from learners and Western- style education Shared Responsibility Oral Transmission Individual Accountability Written Word FOCUS on Western-style learning ACTIVITIES with familiar language and content Pragmatic TasksDecontextualized Tasks

MALP Teacher Planning Checklist A. Accept conditions for learning: 1. Immediate relevance 2. Interconnectedness B.Combine processes for learning: 1. Shared responsibility/individual accountability 2. Oral transmission/written word C.Focus on activities for learning: 1. Introduce new/academic tasks 2. Make tasks accessible with familiar language and content.

Judy’s Class: Northeast Suburban High School Ages: years Education: 9 th --12 th grades in U.S. Origins: Brazil, India, South Korea, China, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Honduras, U.S. U.S. residency: 3 months--14 years English proficiency: high beginner--advanced Class size: 9 students

Suburban Public High School Socio-economically middle-class 25 ESL students in a population of 2,500 students 1 ESL teacher Multi-level classroom High beginners-advanced level ESL proficiency

Teacher Student teacher TESOL graduate student 1 year teaching experience in a Hebrew school and ESL adult education MALP trained

MALP Step 1: Project-based Survey is Immediately Relevant and Creates a Sense of Interconnectedness

MALP Step 2: Students’ Surveys Allow for Shared Responsibility & Individual Accountability

MALP Step 3: Students’ Tabulations and Analysis of the Data Focus on Academic Tasks Using Familiar Language and Content Academic objectives for critical thinking: Students conduct, analyze and quantify the results of a survey; Students draw conclusions and report on a survey.

MALP: Project-based Curriculum Meets All the Criteria: 1.Immediate Relevancy 2.Interconnectedness 3.Shared responsibility 4.Individual accountability 5.Focus on academic tasks 6.Tasks made accessible.

Nan’s Class: Northeast Urban/suburban CBO Ages: Education: none--college (in home countries) Origins: Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, Peru, Ecuador, South Korea U.S. residency: 1—16 years English proficiency: beginner--intermediate Class size: 4-10 students

Volunteer TESOL graduate student 3 years’ IEP and CBO teaching experience MALP trained Teacher

MALP Step 1: Using a Scroll-based Curriculum Learners’ Texts Are Immediately Relevant and They Create a Sense of Interconnectedness

MALP Step 2: Students’ Scrolls Allow Shared Responsibility & Individual Accountability

MALP Step 3: Students’ Scrolls Focus on Academic Tasks Using Familiar Language and Content

1.Immediate Relevancy 2.Interconnectedness 3.Shared responsibility 4.Individual accountability 5.Academic tasks 6.Tasks made accessible MALP: Using Scroll-based Curriculum Meets All the Criteria

MALP Resources Website: Wiki: Book: Marshall, Helaine, and DeCapua, Andrea. Making the Transition: Culturally Responsive Teaching for Struggling Language Learners. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2013.

References Amanti, C., Gonzalez, N., and Moll, L., eds. Funds of Knowledge: theorizing practices in households, communities, and classrooms. New York: Routledge, Auerbach, E. Making Meaning, Making Change: Participatory curriculum development for adult ESL literacy. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics, Bowers, C. A. Educating for an ecologically sustainable culture: rethinking moral education, creativity, intelligence, and other modern orthodoxies. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, DeCapua, A., and H. W. Marshall. Breaking new ground: teaching students with limited or interrupted formal education in U.S. secondary schools. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011.

References continued Dewey, J. Democracy and Education. NY: Simon and Brown, Gay, G. Culturally responsive teaching theory, research, and practice. New York: Teachers College Press, Greene, M. The dialectic of freedom. NY: Teachers College Press, Hooks, B. Teaching to transgress: education as the practice of freedom. New York: Routledge, Marshall, H. W., and DeCapua, A. Making the transition: culturally responsive teaching for struggling language learners. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, Norton, B., and Toohey, K. Critical pedagogies and language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Print. Shor, I., and Freire, P. A pedagogy for liberation: dialogues on transforming education. South Hadley, Mass.: Bergin & Garvey Publishers, 1987.