Methods of Attaching Components to a Shaft Keys: squared, tapered, …. Set screws: with or without heads Pins: straight, tapered, split, … Snap rings Splines Press or Shrink fits Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Keys Hub Shaft Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Keys ANSI standard w = d/2, L = 2d L w Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Pins Pins and Keys could be used as a mechanical fuse, they shear off to protect the drive train. Pins and keys weaken the shaft and create stress concentration. ANSI standard d = D / 10 Torque capacity τxy = Force / shear area = (Torque)(radius) / 2(πd 2/4) = Ssy (shear strength) T = πd 2 D Ssy / 4 Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Set Screws ANSI standard d = D/8 + 5/16 D = shaft diameter d = set screw diameter F = 2500 ( d ) 2.31 Maximum safe holding force Use safety factor of 2.5 Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Retaining (Snap) Rings Snap rings are used to prevent the axial motion of mating concentric components such as gear hubs and shafts. Material; SAE 1060-1090 spring steel, beryllium copper alloy 25, stainless steel, or aluminum. Refer to catalog for size and groove dimensions. Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Splines Splines may be considered as using multiple keys, integral with the shaft. Best way to transmit large torque. See ANSI or SAE standards for dimensions τxy = Force / (shear area /4), SAE assumption that only 25% of teeth are actually sharing the load at any one time. τxy = 4F / A = (4T) / (rp A) = (8T) / (dp A) = (16T ) / (πdp2 l) = Ssy l = spline length rp = pitch radius , Ssy = yield strength in shear T = Ssy (πdp2 l) / 16 Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Press or Shrink Fits Interference Fit – shaft diameter is slightly larger than hub diameter. Inexpensive and semi-permanent connection. Allowance always equals smallest hole minus largest shaft. Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Press or Shrink Fits Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Press or Shrink Fits When two cylindrical parts are assembled by shrinking or press-fitting one part on another, contact pressure is created between the two parts. Thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessel equations are used to derive the equation relating the contact pressure to the interference. δ = p R / E [(2R2 (ro2 – ri2) / (ro2 – R2)(R2 –ri2)] δ = radial interference , p = contact pressure Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Press or Shrink Fits Example Class FN3 is used to press fit a hub onto a shaft. Determine the torque that can be transmitted. The shaft diameter is 2.0 in. and hub diameter is 3.0 in. and has a length l = 2 in. 2.0 Hole = 2.0000 + .0012 + .0000 Shaft = 2.0000 + .0032 + .0025 FN3 fit R 3.0 2.0 ro shaft Min diametral interference = .0025 - .0012 =.0013 Max diametral interference = .0032 - .0000 = .0032 hub δmax = radial interference = .0032/2 = .0016, tightest fit δmin = radial interference = .0013/2 = .00065, loosest fit p = contact pressure, R = contact radius = 1.0 in., ro = hub radius = 1.5, ri = shaft inside radius = 0, and δ = radial interference Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Press or Shrink Fits δ = p R / E [(2R2 (ro2 – ri2) / (ro2 – R2)(R2 –ri2)] pmax = 13,333 psi and pmin = 5417 psi Torque capacity μ = coefficient of friction, steel on steel (dry)  .15 μF = friction force between the outside surface of the shaft and the inside surface of the hub F = (contact pressure)(contact area) Torque = (μ F) R, F = p (2πRl) Torque = (μ p 2πRl) R = (.15)(5417)(2π)(1)(2)(1) = 10,210 lb-in hp = T ω / 63000 = (10210)(1800)/63000 = 290 Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.

Various Methods of Attaching Components to a Shaft Ken Youssefi Mechanical Engineering Dept.