Chapter 18 – Classification

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 18: Classification
Advertisements

Finding Order In Diversity
Taxonomy, The Science of Classifying Organisms
Biology WarmUp: Copy ALL of these assignments into your binder Including dates, WarmUps, InClass assignments AND page numbers! April 20 WarmUp: Agenda.
18.1 Finding Order in Diversity
Chapter 15: Classification
18.1 Finding Order in Diversity
Finding Order In Diversity Key Question: How are living things organized for study?
1 Chapter 18: Classification. 2 18–1 Finding Order in Diversity  Life on Earth has been changing for more than 3.5 billion years  1.5 million species.
End Show Slide 1 of 26 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity.
Class Notes 1: Linnaean Classification
Classification/Taxonomy
18-1 Finding Order in Diversity Biologists have identified and named 1.5 million species so far.
Classification: Organizing the Unity & Diversity of Life.
Classification.
Chapter 18 Classification
Objectives 18.1 Finding Order in Diversity
Taxonomy and Classification. Taxonomy is The classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.
SC.912.L Discuss distinguishing characteristics of the domain and kingdoms of living organisms. CC: RST , SL , MP.4.
Taxonomy – the branch of biology
17.1 History of Classification
Classification and Taxonomy. THINK ABOUT IT –Scientists have been trying to identify, name, and find order in the diversity of life for a long time. The.
Living or Non? 1. Cells 2. Use Energy 3. Reproduce 4. Movement 5. Grow and Develop 6. Breath and Respire 7. Homeostasis (balance)
Classification and Taxonomy. THINK ABOUT IT –Scientists have been trying to identify, name, and find order in the diversity of life for a long time. The.
Classification Outline the binomial system of nomenclature List seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa Outline the binomial system of.
Classification of Life. Why Classify? There are more than 2 ½ Million species of organisms on earth – and more to be discovered! When you go into the.
Classification of Earth’s Diversity Biodiversity Biodiversity – the variety of organisms on earth is the result of 3.5 billion years of evolution Approx.
Chapter 18 – Classification
CLASSIFICATION Finding Order in Diversity. TAXONOMY Discipline of classifying organisms Assigning each organism a universally accepted name.
Classification. Why Classify? –To study the great diversity of organisms, biologists must give each organism a name. –Biologists must also attempt to.
Essential question: How and why do we classify organisms?
Finding Order in Diversity Section 18–1 This section explains how living things can be organized for study.
Classification Chapter 18.
Good Morning! Today’s Agenda: 1.Complete Classification Notes using textbook pages When you have finished, you may begin your homework, “Classification.
Finding Order in Diversity
Organizing Life’s Diversity.  It is easier to understand living things if they are organized into different categories.
1 Chapter 18: Classification. 2 18–1 Finding Order in Diversity  Life on Earth has been changing for more than 3.5 billion years  1.5 million species.
Chapter 1 Section 2 Classification.
Chapter 18-1: Finding Order in Diversity Essential Questions: How are living things organized for study? What is binomial nomenclature? How does Linnaeus’s.
Section 18-1: Finding Order in Diversity.  Need to describe and name each species to understand and study diversity  Use scientific names to ensure.
Finding Order in Diversity
The History of Classification Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Early Systems of Classification Classification is the grouping of objects or organisms.
CLASSIFICATION AND SCIENTIFIC NOMENCLATURE ORDERING THE LIVING WORLD.
Chapter 17: The History and Diversity of Life
Classification of Living Things Chapter 18
Classification of Organisms. How many different types of organisms are there on Earth?
Chapter 18 Classification 18-1 Finding Order in Diversity.
Chapter 18 Classification.
Classification/Taxonomy Chapter 18. Why Classify? Why Classify?
CLASSIFICATION Finding Order in Diversity. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species DEFINE TAXONOMY Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning.
17.1 Classification Think about how things are grouped in a store or in your kitchen to help create order.
Nomenclature & The Tree of Life. Systematics Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Finding Order in Diversity Lesson Overview 18.1 Finding Order in Diversity Scientists have been trying to identify, name,
Depending on where you live, this might be a mountain lion, cougar, puma, or panther – all of these are “common” names for the “Felis concolor”
Classification: Organizing Life’s Diversity Taxonomy, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family. Warm-up: 1.What is it called when natural selection leads.
Be Able To Explain How or Why:
18.1 Finding Order in Diversity
Classification.
18.1 Finding Order in Diversity
18.1 Finding Order in Diversity
Bellwork: Why do scientists use latin or greek names for organisms (which can be hard to remember/understand). Wouldn’t it be easier simply to refer to.
18.1 Finding Order in Diversity
18.1 Finding Order in Diversity
Finding Order in Diversity (Ch 18.1)
Chapter 18: Classification
Classification Grouping Like Organisms.
Biologists have identified and named about 1.5 million species.
Classification.
18.1 Finding Order in Diversity
18.1 Finding Order in Diversity
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 18 – Classification 18.1 - Finding Order in Diversity

THINK ABOUT IT Scientists have been trying to identify, name, and find order in the diversity of life for a long time. First classification and naming system was made before Darwin. Current shift towards using evolutionary theory to classify and name organisms.

Assigning Scientific Names Early naming methods: Used Greek and Latin Included very long descriptions - Example - the English translation of the scientific name of a tree might be “Oak with deeply divided leaves that have no hairs on their undersides and no teeth around their edges.” There was no standard because different scientists focused on different characteristics

Carolus Linnaeus In the 1730s, Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature.

How to Classify and Why? Binomial nomenclature – formal naming system for living things - each a name is composed of two parts. In Latin It is written in italics. First word begins with a capital letter. (Genus) Second word is lowercased. (Species) Goal = To organize living things into groups that have biological meaning.

Binomial Nomenclature The polar bear, for example, is called Ursus maritimus. The first part of the name —Ursus—is the genus to which the organism belongs. Ursus contains five other species of bears.

Binomial Nomenclature The second part of a scientific name—maritimus for polar bears Unique to each species and is often a description of the organism’s habitat or of an important trait. Example - The Latin word maritimus refers to the sea: polar bears often live on pack ice that floats in the sea.

Binomial Nomenclature The scientific name of the red maple is Acer rubrum. The genus Acer consists of all maple trees. The species rubrum describes the red maple’s color.

Assigning Scientific Names Scientific names are more specific Assures scientists refer to the same organism Common names are less specific Many common names for the same organisms Different common names based on location.

Common Name Confusion! What is the name of this animal? Example, the names cougar, puma, panther, and mountain lion can all be used to indicate the same animal— Felis concolor. Honey Badger – Not closely related to the badger, more closely related to the Weasel Family.

Linnaean Classification System Linnaeus also developed a classification system. Organized species into a hierarchy, or ranking. He grouped species according to structural similarities and differences.

Classifying Species into Larger Groups Systematics -The science of naming and grouping organisms. The groups are called taxa (singular: taxon).

Linnaeus’s Seven Taxa Linnaeus identified just four levels in his original classification system, but expanded to seven taxa! Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species More Specific

Kingdom The largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus’s taxonomic categories is the kingdom. All multicellular animals are placed in the kingdom Animalia.

Phylum Includes organisms that are different but that share important characteristics.

Taxa Class - Includes similar orders. Order - Includes closely related families. Families - Includes many closely related genera Genus – Includes many closely related species

Problems With Traditional Classification Physical similarities are not always the result of close relationships. Genetic similarities more accurately show evolutionary relationships. Not in the bear and raccoon families