CH 14 Classification OF ORGANISMS. Taxonomy  The science of naming and classifying organisms  Aristotle was the first over 2000 years ago.

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CH 14 Classification OF ORGANISMS

Taxonomy  The science of naming and classifying organisms  Aristotle was the first over 2000 years ago

Taxonomy  Until the mid 1700’s biologists named a particular type of organism by adding descriptive phrases to the name of the genus.  These phrases sometimes consisted of 12 or more Latin words.

Taxonomy  They were called polynomials meaning many names.  IE…. Apis pubescens, thorace subgriso, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabis, untrinque margine ciliatus.  OR?

Taxonomy

Simpler System  Developed by Carl Linnaeus a Swedish biologist.  His goal was to catalogue all known types of organisms.

Simpler System  Linnaeus used a two word system.  It is called binomial nomeclature  Apis mellifera OR

Simpler System

Scientific Names  The unique two part name for a species is now referred to as its Scientific name.  The first word is the genus to which an organism belongs.  Genus= a taxonomic category containing similar species. Organisms in a genus contain similar characteristics.

Scientific names  The first letter in a genus name is always capitalized. The first letter of the second word is always lower case.  Scientific names are always italicized or underlined.  After the first full use of the scientific name it can be abbreviated as a single letter.

Scientific names  Example: Quercus rubra  Q. rubra

Scientific names  Gives biologists a common way of communicating regardless of their native language.  One species may have many common names and one common name may be used for more than one species.

Scientific names  Example in Great Britain a robin is called Erithacus rubicula.  The very different bird called a robin in North America is Turdus migratorius.

Scientific Names  The name given to a species must conform to the rules established by the international commission of scientists.  All must have 2 Latin words or terms created by the rules of Latin grammar.  Two different types of organisms cannot have the same scientific name.

Scientific Name  Since the members of a genus share the same genus name the second word in the name of each member of that genus must be different.  For example only one species of the genus Homo can be given the name sapiens.

Classifying Organisms  Linnaeus worked out a broad system of classification for plants and animals in which an organism’s form and structure are based on arranging the specimens in a collection.

Classifying Organisms  The different groups into which organisms are now classified have been expanded and now consists of 8 levels.

Classifying organisms  Similar genera are grouped into family  Similar families are combined into order  Orders with common properties are united in class  Classes with similar characteristics are assigned to a phylum

Classifying Organisms  Similar phylum are collected into a kingdom  Similar kingdoms are grouped into domains

Classifying Organisms  All living things are grouped into one of 3 domains.  Achaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotes.

Classifying Organisms  Remember:  D o K indly P ay C ash O r F urnish G ood S ecurity  Or Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.