National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [1] Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Technical Seminar Presentation By Manjit Hota Roll # EC Under the guidance of Mr. Nalla Srinivasu

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [2]  Standard for optical communication transport  Formulated by ECSA for ANSI  1984  Defines OCs STSs SONET

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [3] Synchronization of Digital Signals Signal Synchronous Asynchronous Plesiochronous  Digital transitions in the signals occur at exactly same rate  All clocks are traceable to one PRC. Transition of the signal does not occur at same normal rate Almost same rate & variation constrained within tight limits

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [4] SignalBit Rate (Mbps) STS–1, OC– STS–3, OC– STS–12, OC– STS–48, OC–482, STS–192, OC-1929, SONET Synchronous Hierarchy

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [5] Network Design Considerations for SONET Transmission Media Optical fiber. Classified by bandwidth starting at OC-1 for 51.84Mbps. BandwidthRanges from 51.84Mbps(OC-1) to 9.95Gbps (OC-192). Application Support Voice, data, video and audio over the same line. Distance Limitations Fees increase as distance increases. Network Function Typically the telephone company's backbone. Use for WAN solutions over leased lines for large corporations. Cost Very expensive. Monthly fees for OC-3 coast-to-coast > $400,000.

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [6] SONET System Add/Drop Multiplexer Regenerator STS MUX

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [7] SONET Protocol Stack Data Link Physical Path Layer Line Layer Section Layer Photonic Layer Four Layers  Photonic Layer  Section Layer  Line Layer  Path Layer

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [8] SONET Frame 90 Columns 9 rows 3 columns TOHSPE 87 columns 90 octets/row * 8 bits/octet =720 bits/row 720 bit/roe * 920 rows/frame = 6480 bits/frame 6480 bits/frame * 8000 frames/second = Mbps

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [9] Overheads  Simpler Multiplexing  Greatly expanded Operation, Maintenance, Administration & Provisioning

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [10] SONET Multiplexing Multiplexing principles  Mapping  Aligning  Multiplexing  Stuffing

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [11] SONET Network Configurations PTE REG PTE REG ADM Point to Point Point to Multipoint

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [12] ADM Hub Network Ring Architecture

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [13] SONET & SDH  Developed by CCITT  Standard useful for interfacing between the CCITT & ANSI transmission hierarchies  Developed in 1989  World wide standard & SONET can be considered as a subset of SDH

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [14] Advantages of SONET  Reduced Back-to-Back Multiplexing  Optical Interconnect  Multipoint Configurations  Reduced Cabling  Enhanced OAM&P  Enhanced Performance Monitoring

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [15]  Can be used as a backbone or totally replace other networking protocols such as SMDS or FDDI  Can support bandwidth on demand  Can be the carrier for ATM cells  Can be the carrier for ISDN and BISDN  Can replace existing T-1 or T-3 lines SONET Applications of SONET

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [16] Conclusion SONET was developed to promulgate standard optical transmission signal interfaces to allow mid-section needs of fiber optic system

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [17]

National Institute Of Science & Technology SONET Manjit Hota (EC ) [18]