Wetlands
Chapter 1 Section 4 Water A wetland is a land area that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year Common types of wetlands are: A. Marshes- grassy area covered by shallow water or a stream B. Swamps- flooded forests with trees and shrubs sprouting from the water. Most are located in warm, humid climates C. Bogs- form in depressions left by melting ice sheets thousands of years ago. They are found in cooler climates and usually have moss and colorful flowers in them.
Marshes Grassy area covered by shallow water
Swamps Flooded forests with trees and shrubs Warm, humid climates
Bogs Has moss and colorful flowers Cooler climates
Characteristics of Wetlands Help control flooding Provide a habitat for many species Coastal wetlands contain both salt and fresh water Vary in size-can be as small as a roadside ditch or cover as much area as a city
Florida Everglades
The Florida Everglades The Everglades are a unique region of wetlands The Everglades stretch from Lake Okeechobee to the Florida Bay The Everglades are known as the “River of Grass” due to the tall, sharp edged blades of sawgrass that grow in the water
Sawgrass in the Everglades
Everglades Wildlife Fish, snakes, wading birds, flamingos, white egrets, gallinules, raccoons, and alligators are just a few species that make up the Everglades The Everglades also provide habitats for many rare and endangered species such as: a. Florida Panther b. Wood Stork c. Roseate Spoonbill d. Manatee
Endangered Wildlife at the Everglades Florida Panther Manatee
Everglades Wildlife Scientists are working to preserve the Everglades because many endangered species live there Wood Stork Roseate Spoonbill
Everglades Wildlife
Threats to the Everglades Some human activities that are threatening the Everglades are: a. Farming –has introduced new chemicals into the water which has upset the balance of nutrients b. Developments -areas of the wetland are being taken over to build homes and roads c. Introduction of new species -new organisms brought into the area accidentally or for pest control complete with other organisms for space and food
Introduction of new plant species in the Everglades-Examples Melaleuca quinquenervia- an Evergreen tree from Australia Problems it is causing: It grows extremely fast, displaces native plants, diminishes animal habitats, and provide little food for wildlife Lygodium microphyllum -known as Old World Climbing Tree from Asia, Africa, and Australia Problems it is causing: this tree forms thick, dense, spongy mats that are slow to decompose and exclude native understory plants. It can also take over native trees and fatally trap small and medium size animals
Introduction of new animal species in the Everglades-Examples Sus scrofa- Wild boar- brought here in the 16th century as a food source Problems it is causing: It consumes significant amounts of native vegetation and they prey on smaller animals. They carry 45 infectious diseases or parasites that affect native species of the Everglades Python molurus bivittatus - Burmese python- Imported by/through pet trade Problems it is causing: It preys on endangered and rare species and competes with alligators at the top of the food chain
Preserving the Everglades Scientists, citizens, and government officials have been trying to develop a plan that involves building an elaborate system of pipes and canals to refill some drained areas with fresh water
Importance of Wetlands Wetlands have dead leaves and other plant and animal materials that serve as natural fertilizers that add nitrogen, phosphates, and other nutrients to the water and soil. A. Importance to Wildlife: Wetlands provide habitats for many living things because of their sheltered waters and rich supply of nutrients
Importance of Wetlands B. Importance to People: Wetlands act as natural water filters by absorbing wastes and trapping mud and silt to make other bodies of water cleaner. Wetlands also help control floods by absorbing extra runoff from heavy rains.