DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Telescopes for High Energy Astrophysics

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Telescopes for High Energy Astrophysics  A bit of history  Playing billiards with photons  An example: Swift gamma ray burst mission  A new, more efficient technique  The J-PEX mission

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Rocket Payload (1962) Rocket Payload (1962) Geiger Counters

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Gas Counters on Satellites  Ariel 1 – 1962 –Solar and ionospheric satellite observatory  Late 1960s – birth of X-ray Astronomy  Ariel 5 – 1975, first UK X-ray satellite

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Grazing X-ray telescopes Grazing X-ray telescopes Wolter mirror

©M.A.Barstow – Techniques  Two candidates –Replicated shells… used for XMM –Square pore optics manufactured from glass or Si

©M.A.Barstow – 2009

Si Technology (ESTEC)

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Coded Aperture Imaging  Source casts gamma-ray shadow on detector  Location of shadow yields location of source  Coded aperture mask pattern  5mm square Pb tiles

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Swift Mission Concept  Gammay ray burst studies  Wide field gamma- ray imager  Sensitive narrow field X-ray and UV- Optical instruments to follow the afterglow BAT XRT Spacecraft UVOT BAT UVOT XRT

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) BAT Characteristics BAT Detector Array Coded Aperture Mask

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 BAT XRT UVOT SWIFT Optical Bench

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 BAT Burst Image T~10 sec Observing Scenario BAT Error Circle XRT Image T~100 secT~300 sec UVOT Image

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 X-Ray Telescope

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 XRT Data Cas A: (13 ks)

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 The J-PEX Spectrometer Ion etched, blazed grating. MoSi multilayers for high reflection Spherical figure, 2.2m focal length

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Telescope aperture

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Rocket Operations

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 White Sands Missile Range T-minus 2 weeks

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Carlton TV ©

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Carlton TV ©

©M.A.Barstow – 2009

Cut Down!  The payload functioned well  We did not get any data  We recovered the telescope intact  Chance to fly again

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 NASA/WSMR

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Black Brant burnout Despin Payload Separation Payload door open Payload switch on Go to Sirius Detector door open Go to Capella Blind offset > G191-B2B Telescope on Telescope/payload off Black Brant impact Parachute deployment Payload impact T + 50 T + 60 T + 70 T + 80 T + 90 T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T + 860

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Carlton TV ©

©M.A.Barstow – 2009

Nitrogen IV Oxygen IV Helium II

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Conclusion  We have obtained the best X-ray spectrum ever!  This shows that there is helium present in interstellar space and possibly in the star  Third J-PEX flight October 2008  Hopefully a satellite mission

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Flight 3 – October 21 st 2008

©M.A.Barstow – 2009 APEX/SAGE

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Telescopes for High Energy Astrophysics