Open Hydroponics – An Approach for Greening

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Presentation transcript:

Open Hydroponics – An Approach for Greening Pete Spyke Arapaho Citrus Management, Inc.

What is OHS? Elements: Drip irrigation Close spacing Fertigation Canopy Mgmt Intensive mgt. High yields Early $$

One approach to Greening New grove goals: Reach breakeven ASAP; Improve overall income Improve greening mgt. Outrun tree losses! Mature grove goals: None – infection spreading too fast

WATER Calculated for daily applications based on root growth, ET, and canopy development. Apply in pulses. Minimize effort for uptake. Good root aeration. Salinity Management.

CROPPING Occurs naturally in 2 years, or Enhanced with girdling. Heavy Cropping aids in Tree Vigor Control

NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT Fertigate to provide non-limiting conditions Amount of nutrients directly related to tree growth. Proportions according to annual growth cycles (phenology). Salinity Management No Florida Recommendations!

Close spacing/Tree precocity Conventional grove: 15 x 25 ft. (116 trees/acre) Modern grove: 10 x 20 ft (218 trees/acre) High density grove: 8 x 15 ft (363 trees/acre)

Lemon/RL planted 1999 @ 5 x 16 ft. Trees were planted on shallow ridges and produced ~140 boxes/acre @ 14 months, 500 @ 36 months and 800 in 2005.

Will the system work…….in Florida? Sandy soil Florida rainfall vs. root concentration How is this system different from what we are already doing? General economics. Fruit quality. Excessive flushing?

Rock Bottom OHS/APS Comparisons 10 acre grove in Ft. Pierce Cooperators – Dr. Bill Castle & Japie Kruger

Rock Bottom OHS/APS Comparisons Ray Ruby, Rio Red, Flame Grapefruit, and Minneola – Gpft 11/06, Minneolas 2/07 Minneola Rootstocks: Sun Chu Sha Swingle Gou Tou Grapefruit rootstocks: Smooth Flat Seville Flying Dragon Trifoliate Cleopatra Mandarin X639 US 897

Rock Bottom OHS/APS Comparisons Tree spacing 6 and 8 feet in 20’ rows (363 and 272 trees/acre) Drip vs. Microjet Winder/Chobee soils Saline canal water Greening all around

January 2007 – 2 months after Planting

Drip - Ray Ruby/SFS @ 9 Months

Microjet – Ray Ruby/SFS @ 9 Months Granular Slow Release Fertilizer, plus run system every day with liquid fertilizer

Question: Will Roots Cluster Under Emitters? Keep roots bathed in nutrient solution Rapid uptake of injected materials Moisture stress management

Questions: Can we control tree size? Rootstocks Pruning Fruit Tree Manipulation Flowering Control

Questions: What is the best spacing? Canopies touching in row @ 24 months = 1st crop as high as possible Ray Ruby/FD @ 8’ Minneola/Gou Tou @ 6’ Spacing will be scion/rootstock/soil dependent.

Questions: Profitable? Higher cost/acre for establishment Much lower cost/tree than “conventional” = earlier operating profit Lower irrigation, fertilization, weed control, routine labor costs Higher pruning costs High production in early years 80% Less Water and Fertilizer Year 1 & 2 – CHEAP!

Experiments Under Way Rock Bottom – Dr. Bill Castle and Pete SWFREC – Dr. Kelly Morgan CREC, Gapway Groves – Dr. Arnold Schumann USDA Picos Road – Dr. Ed Stover Conserv – Drs. Castle, Parsons, Morgan More planned – GeoSpider? -- Looking good so far --

Why? Whatever the solution to Greening, it will involve new groves Valid approach even with current knowledge base Early profit will be primary motivator to re-establish the industry

It’s Possible! Needs More Work! ArapahoCitrus.com