The Need for Irrigation, The Ubaid Culture, From City to Civilization

The Need for Irrigation 1. While Northern Mesopotamia received enough rainfall for farmers to grow crops, Southern Mesopotamia did not.

The Need for Irrigation 2. What are the 4 ways people used irrigation?

Need for Irrigation 1. People dug canals to carry water from the rivers to the land. 2. Stored water in areas of low land called basins to supply them with water in times of drought. 3. To protect their lands from floods, they put up dikes, or walls of dirt, along riverbanks. 4. They also built dams to help control the flow of water.

Canals

Dams

Need for Irrigation 3. What happened because of the surplus of crops that developed?

Need for Irrigation With more than enough food, these early people developed new, more complex cultures.

1. Ubaid Culture - Timeline 5000 B.C. 4500 B.C. 4000 B.C. First known settlement is southern Mesopotamia is formed (Ubaid culture) This ancient culture had spread across much of the Fertile Crescent. A more advanced culture developed from the Ubaid Culture.

2. Ubaid Culture – Comparison Chart Early Culture Later Culture 1. People lived simply at first. 1. People built more advanced irrigation systems and produced surpluses of crops. 2. They raised just enough crops to survive. 2. Simple life gave way to one that required rules and organization. 3. They used stone hoes to work their fields and clay sickles to harvest their wheat and barley crops. 3. Leaders were needed, and one person in each community served as village chief. 4. The Ubaid people lived close to their fields in huts made of reeds and mud. 4. Began living in larger homes and building larger temples to honor their many gods. 5. They worshipped gods in small, one room temples. 5. Began creating pottery. Boats carried the pottery and other trade goods to villages throughout the region.

Ubaid Culture 3. Why is the legacy of the Ubaid culture important?

Ubaid Culture The Ubaid culture formed the foundation for the civilization that eventually developed in southern Mesopotamia.

From City to Civilization 1. Who formed a civilization after the Ubaid culture?

From City to Civilization The Sumerians

From City to Civilization 2. What was necessary for the development of first cities?

From City to Civilization Using agricultural techniques to produce food surpluses, some villages emerged as the first cities.