Johnny J Moye Ph.D.

Overview Researcher Background Rational Research Goals Research Limitations Assumptions Study Design Study Results Study Conclusions Future Study Recommendations

Researcher 27+ year Navy Veteran High School Technology Teacher - 5 years Supervisor, Career and Technical Education  Technology Education (66 teachers)  Family and Consumer Sciences (40 teachers)  Trade and Industry (16 teachers)

Rationale Teacher shortage in the United States Technology education teacher shortage Weston (1997) Teacher shortage-supply and demand Ndahi and Ritz (2003) Technology education teacher demand, Status of technology education teacher supply and demand needs to be verified

Statement of the Problem The purpose of this study was to determine the technology education teacher supply and demand in the United States.

Research Goals There were four research goals: 1. Determine the number of technology education teachers produced in the United States 2. Determine the number of technology education teachers employed in United States public schools

Research Goals 3. Determine the number of vacant technology education teacher positions in United States public schools 4. Determine the projected number of technology education teacher vacancies for 2009, 2012, and 2014

Limitations This study was limited to:  Technology education programs in each of the 50 United States  Inputs of state technology education supervisors  Public middle and high school technology education teachers employed during the spring of 2009

Limitations (cont.)  Public middle and high school technology education teacher shortages during the spring of 2009  Institutions accuracy in reporting the number of certified technology education teachers produced in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007

Assumptions States will continue to provide middle and high school technology education programs within their states There are not enough students in technology education teacher preparation programs to meet current and future U.S. demand

Study Design Descriptive study State technology education supervisors Survey – Determine  Technology education teachers currently employed in each state  Vacant technology education teacher positions  Expected technology education teacher vacancies in 2009, 2012, and 2014

Study Design (cont.) Document review  Industrial Teacher Education Directory  , , , and How many institutions produced technology education teachers? How many teachers did those institutions produce?

Research Goal One - Conclusions Determine the number of technology education teachers produced in the United States. Data collected from: Ritz (1999), Ndahi and Ritz (2003), and four Industrial Teacher Education Directories ( )

Research Goal One – Conclusions (cont.) Ritz (1999):  – 815 technology teacher grads  – 635 technology teacher grads  – 732 technology teacher grads Ndahi and Ritz (2003):  – 672 technology teacher grads

Research Goal One – Conclusions (cont.) , 34 institutions produced 338 technology education teachers , 32 institutions produced 315 technology education teachers , 29 institutions produced 311 technology education teachers , 27 institutions produced 258 technology education teachers (Moye, 2009)

Research Goal One – Conclusions (cont.) YearInstitutionsTeachers

Research Goal One – Conclusions (cont.) : 815 technology teachers : 258 technology teachers Data showed a 68.4% decrease

Research Goal One – Conclusions (cont.) : 34 institutions produced technology education teachers : 27 institutions produced technology education teachers Data showed a 21.6% decrease

Research Goal Two - Conclusions Determine the number of technology education teachers employed in the United States public schools during the spring of 2009 Question 1: What is the number of public middle school technology education teachers employed in your state during the spring of 2009?

Research Goal Two – Conclusions (cont.) Fifty state supervisors/represetatives (100%) responded (three had no data) Data indicated that there were 12,146 middle school technology teachers employed in the spring of 2009

Research Goal Two – Conclusions (cont.) Question 2: What is the number of public high school technology education teachers employed in your state during the spring of 2009? Fifty state supervisors/representatives (100%) responded (one had no data) Data indicated that there were 16,164 high school technology teachers employed in the spring of 2009

Research Goal Two – Conclusions (cont.) Middle school teachers employed:  1995: 17,552 (Westin, 1997)  2001: 16,774 (Ndahi & Ritz, 2003)  2009: 12,146 (Moye, 2009)  Decrease of 30.8%

Research Goal Two – Conclusions (cont.) High school teachers employed:  1995: 20,416 (Westin, 1997)  2001: 19,487 (Ndahi & Ritz, 2003)  2009: 16,164 (Moye, 2009)  Decrease of 20.9% Total decrease of middle/high school teachers ( = 9,558 (25.4%)

Research Goal Two – Conclusions (cont.)

Research Goal Three - Conclusions Determine the number of vacant technology education teacher positions in United States public schools during the spring of 2009 Question 3: What is the estimated number of vacant public middle school technology education teacher positions in your state during the spring of 2009?

Research Goal Three – Conclusions (cont.) Fifty state supervisors/representatives (100%) responded (16 had no data) Data indicated that there were 367 middle school teacher vacancies during the spring of 2009

Research Goal Three – Conclusions (cont.) Question 4: What is the estimated number of vacant public high school technology education teacher positions in your state during the spring of 2009? Fifty state supervisors/representatives (100%) responded (16 had no data) Data indicated that there were 549 high school teacher vacancies during the spring of 2009

Research Goal Three – Conclusions (cont.) Weston (1997) middle/high school vacancies: no data Ndahi and Ritz (2003) middle/high school vacancies: 1665 Moye (2009) middle/high school vacancies: 916 Data point: fewer vacancies may be due to program closures

Research Goal Four – Conclusions (cont.) Determine the projected number of technology education teacher vacancies for the fall semesters of 2009, 2012, and Question 5: What is the expected number of public middle school technology education teacher vacancies in your state for the fall of 2009, 2012, and 2014? Fifty supervisors/representatives responded (18 could not provide data)

Research Goal Four – Conclusions (cont.) The estimated number of middle school vacancies is projected to be:  Fall 2009: 353  Fall 2012: 487  Fall 2014: 598 Total: 1,438

Research Goal Four – Conclusions (cont.) Question 6: What is the expected number of public high school technology education teacher vacancies in your state for the fall of 2009, 2012, and 2014? Fifty supervisors/representatives (100%) responded (18 could not provide data)

Research Goal Four – Conclusions (cont.) The estimated number of high school vacancies is projected to be:  Fall 2009: 470  Fall 2012: 665  Fall 2014: 837 Total: 1,972

Research Goal Four – Conclusions (cont.) The total estimated number of middle/high school vacancies is projected to be:  Fall 2009: 823  Fall 2012: 1,152  Fall 2014: 1,435 Total projected vacancies: 3,410

Technology Education Teacher SUPPLY and Demand and Deficit 2004 to 2008, an average of 306 technology teachers per year (338, 315, 311, and 258 respectively) Average annual number declined by 3.5% If trend continues:  2009: 242 teachers  2012: 196 teachers  2014: 173 teachers

Technology Education Teacher Supply and DEMAND and Deficit (cont.) Supervisors reported expected number of middle/high school teacher vacancies will be:  2009: 823  2012: 1,152  2014: 1,435

Technology Education Teacher Supply and Demand and DEFICIT (cont.) 2009: 242 teachers produced, 823 expected need, 581 deficit 2012: 196 teachers produced, 1,152 expected need, 956 deficit 2014: 173 teachers produced, 1,435 expected need, 1,262 deficit Total deficit of technology education teachers ( ): 2,799

Technology Education Teacher Supply and Demand

Study Conclusions 1995 to 2008: 68.4% fewer technology education teachers produced 2004 to 2008: 21.6% fewer institutions produced licensed technology education teachers 1995 to 2009: 24.4% fewer middle/high school technology teachers employed

Study Conclusions (cont.) 2009: 916 vacant middle/high school teaching positions Many vacant positions being eliminated 2009 – 2014: Estimated supply and demand:  Teachers produced: 611  Teachers needed: 3,410  Deficit: 2,799

Recommendations for Use of This Study Technology education leaders could use this study when making judgments and decisions concerning the future of the profession Universities and colleges offering technology education teacher licensure programs could use this study to help support the need for these programs

Recommendations for Future Studies A study should be performed to answer two of Volk’s (1997) questions: - “Why are students not considering a career in technology education” (p. 69)? - “What is being done right in those few technology education teacher programs that are succeeding” (p. 69)?

Recommendations for Future Studies (cont.) Recommend Old Dominion University conduct a follow-up technology education teacher supply and demand study in 2014, and every five years thereafter. The studies should establish current status and future needs of the technology education profession.

Closing Remarks Weston (1997) stated that technology education teacher programs were in a “downward spiral” (p. 6) This study showed that the “downward spiral” continues and that the future of the profession is in question Technology education leaders must take action NOW to avert the “demise” of the profession as Volk (1997) predicted

References Ritz, J. M. (1999). Addressing the shortage of technology education teaching professionals: Everyone’s business. The Technology Teacher, 59(1), Ndahi, H. B. & Ritz, J. M. (2003). Technology education teacher demand, The Technology Teacher, 62(7), Volk, K. S. (1997). Going, going, gone? Recent trends in technology teacher education programs. Journal of Technology Education, 8(2), Weston, S. (1997). Teacher shortage-supply and demand. The Technology Teacher, 57(1), 6-9.

Questions - Comments