THE ESTIMATION OF COAL QUALITY AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TASKS OF MINIG GEOLOGIST IN UNDERGROUND COAL MINES OF UPPER SILESIAN COAL BASIN The application of combination Surfer and AutoCAD software THE ESTIMATION OF COAL QUALITY AS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TASKS OF MINIG GEOLOGIST IN UNDERGROUND COAL MINES OF UPPER SILESIAN COAL BASIN The application of combination Surfer and AutoCAD software Marek MARCISZ PhD, DSc., Eng., Assoc. Prof. Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Applied Geology Gliwice, POLAND

 The geologist task is giving the information, which allows for exploitation of deposit with the guarantee of :  the safety of people and machines,  the clean of deposit exploitation,  minimal devastation of the natural environment (in the consequence of exploitation). INTRODUCTION

 The informations expected by miner from geologist can be divided in 4 groups:  I group – information about the deposit form – indispensable to open out the deposit,  II group – information about the type and quality of the mineral – indispensable in estimation of the utilization value of mineral and designing of the enrichment type,  III group – information about deposit reserves (about mineral quantity in the deposit and about spacing of the mineral in the deposit) – indispensable in estimation of the economic value of deposit and designing of the exploitation method,  IV group – information about mining-geological conditions of the exploitation.

 The geologist tasks include:  the geological charting of the deposit,  the sampling,  reserves esimation.

 All results of the geologist tasks are presented on the map.  THE MAP IS ONE OF THE ELEMENTARY SOURCES OF GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION.  THE MAP IS USED FOR:  THE PREPARATION OF THE DRAFT OF MINE,  RUNNING THE EXPLOITATION,  ESTIMATION OF THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF DEPOSIT.

 The digitalization of maps has became more popular recently, however majority of mining maps is still kept in original (analog) form.  The digital drawing up the maps is useful because of:  the easiness of storing,  the easier accessibility to the data,  the easiness in modification and completing. I.OBJECT AND RANGE OF THE AutoCAD AND SURFER COMBINATION I.OBJECT AND RANGE OF THE AutoCAD AND SURFER COMBINATION

 The GIS (Geographical Information Systems) software is very expensive so the combination of the Surfer and AutoCAD software can be an alternative.  This method takes into consideration the specificity of the mine maps.  This method allows to combine:  different methods of the contour maps drawing (from the Surfer ), with  the scaling of maps (optional choice of maps format) and adequate selection of the mining-geological details (from the AutoCAD ).

 Moreover, this software were chosen, because of the fact that both, Surfer and AutoCAD use the CAD’s format of data transfer .dxf.  This method is used for the construction of maps of the chemical-technical and petrographical parameters of coal.  Coal quality parameters, for which the maps were constructed, are based on national (Polish Standards) and international standards (ECE Geneva).

 These standards are based on the:  parameters of technical analysis like:  moisture content W a [%],  ash content A a [%], A d [%],  volatile matter content V daf [%],  gross calorific value GCV daf [MJ/kg],  calorific value CV daf [MJ/kg],  parameters of elementary analysis like:  sulphur content S t a [%], S t d [%],

 coking parameters like:  contraction a [%],  dilatation b [%],  Roga Index RI [-],  Swelling Index SI [-],  physical parameters like:  vitrinite reflectance in oil immersion R [%],  petrographic composition :  content of vitrinite group macerals Vt mmf [%],  content of liptinite group macerals L mmf [%],  content of inertinite group macerals I mmf [%],

 Data including values of these parameters come from the drill-holes cards and cards of the results of the channel samples’ analysis.

 The maps of selected coal quality parameters (coking parameters: Roga Index and Swelling Index ) from the 2 coal seams ( 403 and 406 ) from one of Polish mine will present this method.

II. CONSTRUCTION OF THE COAL QUALITY CONTOUR MAPS

2.1. MAKING OF THE TABULAR DATA BASE p. 403/1p. 406/3 XYRI [-]XYSI [-]XYRI [-]XYSI [-] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,5

p. 403/1p. 406/3 XYRI [-]XYSI [-]XYRI [-]XYSI [-] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,5 seam number

p. 403/1p. 406/3 XYRI [-]XYSI [-]XYRI [-]XYSI [-] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,5 coordinates of sampling points

p. 403/1p. 406/3 XYRI [-]XYSI [-]XYRI [-]XYSI [-] , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,5 parametersand their values

2.2. CONSTRUCTION OF THE CONTOUR MAPS OF THE COAL QUALITY PARAMETERS The map of the Roga Index for the coal seam 403 The map of the Roga Index for the coal seam 406

The map of the Swelling Index for the coal seam 403 The map of the Swelling Index for the coal seam 406

 These maps are constructed by Surfer using one of the contouring method :  Inverse Distance to a Power,  Kriging,  Minimum Curvature,  Modified Shepard's Method,  Natural Neighbor,  Nearest Neighbor,  Polynomial Regression,  Radial Basis Function,  Triangulation with Linear Interpolation,  Moving Average,  Data Metrics,  Local Polynomial.

 The kriging is the most useful method for the precise estimation changes of the quality parameters values.  The maps constructed by this method should be saved in .dxf format.

2.3. CONSTRUCTION OF THE MAPS OF THE COAL SEAM The map of the coal seam 403 The map of the coal seam 406

 The picture below is the example of a matrix of the typical coal seam map with the most fundamental elements like:  the coordinate system  the mine field border  the faults  the seam outcrop

 Depending on the destination, the maps can be completed with necessary details, like:  the localization of the drill-holes  the sampling points  the underground structure of the mine, mine workings  the details of the underground mine surveying system

III. THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE AutoCAD AND SURFER COMBINATION

 The contour maps (constructed by Surfer) scaled in the special way are coated as followed layers on the seam map (constructed by AutoCAD).

3.1. THE MAPS OF THE ROGA INDEX (RI) The map of the coal seam 403The map of the coal seam 406

3.2. THE MAPS OF THE SWELLING INDEX (SI) The map of the coal seam 403The map of the coal seam 406

3.3. THE CONTOUR MAPS SUPERPOSITION VARIANT I:  It is possible to impose the isarithms of the different parameters (for instance the Roga Index RI and the Swelling Index SI ) in the same coal seam (for instance in 403 seam or 406 seam).

The map of the coal seam 403The map of the coal seam 406 RI + SI  Variant I: the same coal seam but other parameters

VARIANT II:  It is also possible to compile the maps of the same parameter (for instance Roga Index RI or Swelling Index SI ) from different coal seams (for instance 403 seam and 406 seam) and observe the changes of the pararameter values in relation to depth.

The maps of the coal seams 403 and 406 RISI  II variant: different coal seams but the same parameter

 The contour maps of the quality parameters allow to determinate the possibilities of the coal utilization.  According to the Polish Standards the coal quality is determinated only on the base of the 5 parameters:  volatile matter content V daf [%],  Roga Index RI [-],  dilatation b [%],  Swelling Index SI [-],  calorific value CV daf [MJ/kg] THE MAPS OF THE TYPES OF COAL

 The appropriate ranges of the values of these parameters allow to distinguish types of coal.  On the base of the types of coal it’s possible to determinate very precisely the way of the coal utilization in different branches of industry:  power coals,  coking coals and the others.

The map of the coal seam 403The map of the coal seam 406 Type 34 – the coking coal

 It is possible to impose the maps of the technological types of coal of different coal seams. The maps of the coal seams 403 and 406 Type 34 – the coking coal

 The possibility of imposing different, selected layers allows to present only the essential data.  This procedure allows to reduce the amount of the needless details on the maps. CONCLUSIONS  The scaling of maps makes possible to plot whole maps or their fragments in different formats.  Digital form of the map saving is conducive to easier storing, easier accessibility of the data and easier modification and completing.

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