Review of Important Networking Concepts

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Review of Important Networking Concepts

Presentation transcript:

Review of Important Networking Concepts Introductory material. This module uses the example from the previous module to review important networking concepts: protocol architecture, protocol layers, encapsulation, demultiplexing, network abstractions.

Sending a packet from Argon to Neon

Sending a packet from Argon to Neon 128.143.71.21 is not on my local network. Therefore, I need to send the packet to my default gateway with address 128.143.137.1 128.143.71.21 is on my local network. Therefore, I can send the packet directly. DNS: What is the IP address of “neon.tcpip-lab.edu”? DNS: The IP address of “neon.tcpip-lab.edu” is 128.143.71.21 ARP: What is the MAC address of 128.143.137.1? ARP: The MAC address of 128.143.137.1 is 00:e0:f9:23:a8:20 ARP: What is the MAC address of 128.143.71.21? ARP: The MAC address of 128.143.137.1 is 00:20:af:03:98:28 frame frame

TCP/IP Protocol Architecture The TCP/IP protocol architecture is the protocol architecture of the Internet The TCP/IP suite has four layers: Application, Transport, Network, and Data Link Layer End systems (hosts) implement all four layers. Gateways (Routers) only have the bottom two layers.

TCP/IP Suite and OSI Reference Model The TCP/IP protocol stack does not define the lower layers of a complete protocol stack

Assignment of Protocols to Layers

Layered Communications An entity of a particular layer can only communicate with: 1. a remote entity a the same layer using a common protocol 2. adjacent entities at the local system via service interfaces

Layers in the Example

Layers in the Example Send the datagram to 128.143.7.21 Send HTTP Request to neon Establish a connection to 128.143.71.21 at port 80 Open TCP connection to 128.143.71.21 port 80 IP datagram is a TCP segment for port 80 Send a datagram (which contains a connection request) to 128.143.71.21 Send IP data-gram to 128.143.71.21 Send IP datagram to 128.143.71.21 Frame is an IP datagram Frame is an IP datagram Send the datagram to 128.143.137.1 Send the datagram to 128.143.7.21 Send Ethernet frame to 00:e0:f9:23:a8:20 Send Ethernet frame to 00:20:af:03:98:28

Encapsulation and Demultiplexing As data is moving down the protocol stack, each protocol adds layer-specific control information

Encapsulation and Demultiplexing in our Example Let us look in detail at the Ethernet frame between Argon and the Router, which contains the TCP connection request to Neon. This is the frame in hexadecimal notation. 00e0 f923 a820 00a0 2471 e444 0800 4500 002c 9d08 4000 8006 8bff 808f 8990 808f 4715 065b 0050 0009 465b 0000 0000 6002 2000 598e 0000 0204 05b4

Parsing the information in the frame

Encapsulation and Demultiplexing

Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: Ethernet Header

Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: IP Header

Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: IP Header

Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: TCP Header Option: maximum segment size

Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: TCP Header

Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: TCP Header

Encapsulation and Demultiplexing: Application data No Application Data in this frame

Different Views of Networking Different Layers of the protocol stack have a different view of the network. This is HTTP’s and TCP’s view of the network.

Network View of IP Protocol

Network View of Ethernet Ethernet’s view of the network