Coronary Artery Disease Megan McClintock

Coronary Artery Disease Definition Etiology/Pathophysiology Risk Factors –Unmodifiable –Modifiable Signs & symptoms –Angina pectoris –Acute coronary syndrome –Sudden cardiac death

Angina Types Etiology/Pathophysiology Diagnostic studies Drug therapy –Aspirin –Nitrates –Beta-adrenergic blockers –Calcium channel blockers Surgical therapy –PCI –Stent placement –Atherectomy –Laser Angioplasty –Myocardial revascularization

Angina Interventions Health promotion –Management of risk factors –Nutrition therapy –Drug therapy for hyperlipidemia Acute –Administer oxygen –Vital signs –ECG –Nitrate followed by narcotic –Heart sounds –Comfortable positioning Ambulatory/Home Care –Prevention –Proper use of nitroglycerin

Myocardial Infarction Etiology/Pathophysiology Signs & symptoms –Angina –Pain –Nausea/vomiting –Sympathetic nervous system stimulation –Fever –CV manifestations Complications –Arrhythmias –CHF –Cardiogenic shock –Papillary muscle dysfunction –Ventricular aneurysm –Pericarditis –Dressler syndrome –Pulmonary embolism

Myocardial Infarction Diagnostic studies –ECG findings –Serum cardiac markers Treatment –IV –Morphine sulfate –Oxygen –Reperfusion therapy Fibrinolytics Cardiac catheterization PCI –Drug therapy Nitroglycerin Antiarrhythmics Morphine Beta-adrenergic blockers ACE inhibitors Stool softeners –Nutrition therapy

MI Interventions Nursing care plan (pg ______) Acute –Pain assessment –Morphine –Monitoring –Rest –Anxiety –Denial Ambulatory/Home Care –Cardiac rehabilitation –Teaching –Exercise –Resumption of sexual activity

Sudden Cardiac Death Definition Etiology/Pathophysiology Risk factors Interventions –Diagnostic workup –Antiarrhythmics –ICD

Congestive Heart Failure Definition Etiology/Pathophysiology Types –Left-sided failure –Right-sided failure Signs & symptoms –Acute Pulmonary edema –Chronic Fatigue Dyspnea Tachycardia Edema Nocturia Skin changes Behavioral changes Chest pain Weight changes

Congestive Heart Failure Complications Diagnostic studies Treatment –Decreasing intravascular volume –Decreasing venous return –Decreasing afterload –Improving gas exchange and oxygenation –Improving cardiac function –Reducing anxiety –Biventricular pacing –Cardiac transplantation

Congestive Heart Failure Drug therapy –ACE inhibitors –Diuretics –Inotropic drugs –Beta-adrenergic agonists –Phosphodiesterase inhibitors –Calcium sensitizers –Vasodilators –Beta-adrenergic blockers Nutritional therapy –Sodium restriction –Fluid restriction –Weight reduction

CHF Interventions Nursing care plan (pg _______) Health Promotion Acute Ambulatory/Home Care –Drug instructions –Symptoms of hypokalemia –Energy saving behaviors

Cardiomyopathy Definition Types –Dilated Etiology/pathophysiology Signs & symptoms Treatment –Hypertrophic Etiology/pathophysiology Signs & symptoms Treatment –Restrictive Etiology/pathophysiology Signs & symptoms Treatment

Cardiac Transplantation Indication Surgery Post operative care