Microstegium vimineum Management and Impacts on Native Plant Communities Caren A. Judge, Joseph C. Neal, Theodore H. Shear, and Jeffrey F. Derr North Carolina.

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Presentation transcript:

Microstegium vimineum Management and Impacts on Native Plant Communities Caren A. Judge, Joseph C. Neal, Theodore H. Shear, and Jeffrey F. Derr North Carolina State University

Microstegium vimineum n Japanese stiltgrass n Summer annual invasive grass (Poaceae) n C 4, shade-tolerant n Wetlands, woodlands, utility easements, lawns, landscapes

Objectives n To use an biological and ecological based research program to make sound management recommendations for Japanese stiltgrass

Current management guidelines n Prevent seed production (Tu 2000) n Methods (late-season) –Hand-removal –Mechanical (mow) –Nonselective herbicide (Roundup Pro – glyphosate)

Questions and concerns? n Late-season control allows competition to reduce native species n Non-selective methods (Roundup and mowing) kill native species n Management must be timely

Photoperiod and flowering (NC) 1 st visible flowers ( )

Photoperiod and flowering (NC) 1 st visible flowers ( )

Photoperiod and flowering (NC) 1 st visible flowers ( ) Approximate floral induction

Photoperiod and flowering (NC) 1 st visible flowers ( ) Approximate floral induction

Seed development n Harvest inflorescences at various times in the reproductive cycle Oct. 7Oct. 21 Nov. 14Nov. 2

Germination of immature seed Collection Date% Germination Oct. 713c Oct. 2157b Nov. 297a Nov a

Stiltgrass PRE Control – 8 WAT LSD=15 P=0.05 * ** *** Percent

Stiltgrass & Crabgrass PRE Control Percent

Stiltgrass POST Control – 8 WAT LSD=11 P=0.05 * ** *** Percent ***

Stiltgrass & Crabgrass POST Control Percent

Timing experiment n Herbicides –Acclaim Extra –Vantage –Plateau n Timing –Early season –Mid season –Late season

Data collection & analysis n 2 years (2002 & 2003) n 2 locations (NC and VA) n RCBD, 4 replications, ANOVA n Percent control (’02 and ’03) n Percent seedhead reduction (‘03) n Percent stand reduction (May ‘04)

Timing: Herbicide effect Herbicide NS Timing NS Herbicide NS Timing NS Herbicide Timing NS a ab b

Timing effect – Oct 2003 Nontreated Acclaim Extra: May Acclaim Extra: JuneAcclaim Extra: August

Herbicide, rate, and frequency n 2 years (NC) n Herbicides –Acclaim Extra –Vantage n Rates - 1/2X, 1X n # Applications –1 application (mid-season) –2 applications (4 wk interval) Non-treated Vantage 1X-2 apps

Herbicide, rate, and frequency ANOVA: Year (NS), Herbicide (NS), Rate (P = ), Frequency (P < ), Rate*Frequency (P = 0.133)

Herbicide, rate, and frequency Nontreated Vantage 1/2X: 1 appVantage 1/2X: 2 app Vantage 1X: 1 appVantage 1X: 2 app Oct 2003

Summary n All three selective herbicides were effective at each application timing n Multiple applications were more effective than single applications (whether 1/2X or 1X)

Conventional vs. selective Handweed: AugustRoundup Pro: August Mow: August Acclaim Extra: June x2

Data collection & analysis n Percent cover: 2002 to 2004 –Mid-summer –Late-summer n Soil cores: 2002 to 2004 –2 per plot (10 x 5 cm) –Identified species –# of individuals n ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05)

Selective vs. nonselective 2002 AugustNovember Acclaim Extra Roundup Pro

Selective vs. nonselective 2003 JulySeptember Acclaim Extra Roundup Pro

Selective vs. nonselective 2004 JuneSeptember Acclaim Extra Roundup Pro

End of 3 rd season comparisons nontreated Acclaim ExtraRoundup Pro

Japanese stiltgrass cover: Duke Forest NS c a bc bb

Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest a b cccc a ab abc bc c

Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest – 2002

Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest – 2003

Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest – 2004

Summary n Japanese stiltgrass –All treatments effective control & seed bank reduction n Herbaceous dicots –Greater diversity in selective treatment

The future? n What will happen after we control Japanese stiltgrass? n Will re-established plant communities be less susceptible to invasion? n Can we truly exhaust the seed bank?

Questions??