Terminology Tropical disturbance - cluster of thunderstorms, weak pressure gradients, no real rotation Tropical depression - at least one closed isobar,

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Presentation transcript:

Terminology Tropical disturbance - cluster of thunderstorms, weak pressure gradients, no real rotation Tropical depression - at least one closed isobar, winds less than 39 mph Tropical storm - a depression with winds stronger than mph Hurricane - winds stronger than 74 mph

Anita (September 1977) in central Gulf of Mexico

Notice the apparent guidance by the Azore High A Suggestive Overview

SST and Tropical Systems

A weather system for which a tropical cyclone forecast center (NHC, CPHC, or JTWC) is interested in collecting specialized data sets and/or running model guidance. Once a system has been designated as an invest, data collection and processing is initiated on a number of sites (eg. Naval Research Laboratory, U. Wisc. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (UW-CIMSS). Designation as an invest does not correspond to any particular l likelihood of development of the system into a tropical cyclone. “Invest”

Saffir-Simpson Scale -1 Tropical Storm mph Hurricanes: Category mph Minor damage to buildings; damage to unanchored mobile homes, signs; some coastal flooding and minor pier damage. Category mph Some damage to building roofs, doors and considerable damage to mobile homes; flooding, damaged piers, small unprotected craft may break moorings, some trees blown down. (See text p 157)

Category mph Damage to small residences and utility buildings. large trees blown down. Mobile homes destroyed. flooding near coast destroys smaller structures, larger structures damaged by floating debris. - Examples: Keith 2000, Fran 1996, Opal 1995 Category mph Some complete roof structure failure on small residences; major erosion of beach areas; Terrain may be flooded well inland. - Examples: Hugo 1989 and Donna 1960 Category mph and up Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings; some complete building failures; small utility buildings blown over or away; flooding causes major damage to lower floors of all structures near the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas may be required. - Examples: Katrina, Andrew(FL) 1992, Camille 1969 Saffir-Simpson Scale (cont.)

Surge

Saffir-Simpson Scale (Summary)

Highest activity: NH western tropical Pacific Lowest activity: SH Atlantic Global Hurricane Tracks

Hurricanes around the globe. Global “Hurricane Seasons”

Atlantic: TS & Hurricanes (1325)

North Atlantic Climatology

10 Average Cumulative Number/Yr AtlanticEastern Pacific (

Vertical Shear Over Atlantic JuneSept OctAug

Atlantic: Shear and SST AugustSeptember

Named=yellow; hurricanes=green; cat 3 or greater = red Atlantic TS & Hurricanes

Prevailing Tracks

250mb850mb July Surface Temp

August

September

October

November

Hurricane Strikes

Western Gulf

Eastern Gulf

“Return Period”

Scales of Motion

Scales of Motion (2)

Structure (Mature) extratropical tropical

“Life Cycles” Midlatitude Cyclone