SW PBS: Training for Coaching Capacity MD PBIS Leadership Team George Sugai & Teri Lewis-Palmer OSEP Center on PBIS University of Connecticut July 18,

Purpose Discuss importance of coaching capacity Review coaching basics Provide guidelines for effective coaching

Problem Statement “We give schools strategies & systems for developing more positive, effective, & caring school & classroom climates, but implementation is not accurate, consistent, or durable. Schools & teams need more than training.”

Competing, Inter-related National Goals Improve literacy, math, geography, science, etc. Make schools safe, caring, & focused on teaching & learning Improve student character & citizenship Eliminate bullying Prevent drug use Prepare for postsecondary education Provide a free & appropriate education for all Prepare viable workforce Affect rates of high risk, antisocial behavior Leave no child behind Etc….

Worry #2: “Train & Hope”

Discovery Education “Discovery is no solution to the problems of education. The individual cannot be expected to rediscover more than a very small part of the facts and principles that have already been discovered by others. To stop teaching in order that the student may learn for himself is to abandon education as a medium for transmission of the accumulated knowledge and wisdom of a culture” (Skinner, 1965, p 101).

Systems Perspective Organization do not “behave” …individuals behave “Organization is group of individuals who behave together to achieve a common goal” “Systems are needed to support collective use of best practices by individuals in an organization” (Horner, 2001) Schools as Systems Goal to create communities that for all its members have common Vision Language, & Experience Biglan, 1995; Horner, 2002 Adopt systems perspective

Student Classroom School State District Continuum of Competence & Support

Leadership Team Funding VisibilityPolitical Support TrainingCoaching Evaluation Active Coordination Local School Teams/Demonstrations PBS Systems Implementation Logic

Coaching (why?) Team start-up support Team sustainability/accountability –Technical assistance/problem solving –Positive reinforcement –Prompts (“positive nags”) Public relations/communications Support network across schools Link among leadership, trainers, & teams Local facilitation Increased behavioral capacity

Internal v. external coaching Dependent on size, geography, district capacity, skill fluency, etc. Effectiveness/efficiency –Access –Influence –Authority –Role definitions –Etc

Terminology Coaching v. Facilitating –Same Coach v. Facilitator –Same Facilitating v. Coach –Skills/tasks v. Person

What is “Coaching Capacity?” Personnel & resources organized to facilitate, assist, maintain, & adapt local school training implementation efforts Coaching is set of responsibilities, actions, & activities….not person

Guiding Principles (“Requirements”) Coaching linked with school team Coaching training linked with team training Coaches participate in team training New teams added with increased fluency Coaching capacity integrated into existing personnel Supervisor approval given District agreements & support given Coaches experienced with school team implementation District/state coordination provided Coaches meet regularly for prompting, celebrating, problem solving, etc.

Successful Coaching starts by “knowing the basics” Redundancy & practice build fluency!

Primary Prevention: School-/Classroom- Wide Systems for All Students, Staff, & Settings Secondary Prevention: Specialized Group Systems for Students with At-Risk Behavior Tertiary Prevention: Specialized Individualized Systems for Students with High-Risk Behavior ~80% of Students ~15% ~5% 3-Tiered Prevention Logic

Academic SystemsBehavioral Systems 1-5% 5-10% 80-90% Intensive, Individual Interventions Individual Students Assessment-based High Intensity Intensive, Individual Interventions Individual Students Assessment-based Intense, durable procedures Targeted Group Interventions Some students (at-risk) High efficiency Rapid response Targeted Group Interventions Some students (at-risk) High efficiency Rapid response Universal Interventions All students Preventive, proactive Universal Interventions All settings, all students Preventive, proactive Designing School-Wide Systems for Student Success

SYSTEMS PRACTICES DATA Supporting Staff Behavior Supporting Student Behavior OUTCOMES Supporting Social Competence & Academic Achievement Supporting Decision Making SW PBS

PBS Features Science of Human Behavior Local Context & Culture Prevention Logic Natural Implementers Evidence- Based Practices Systems Change & Durability Continuum of Behavior Support

PBS Implementation Logic

What does SWPBS look like? Work in teams of 2-3 (13 minutes) List observable/measurable features that indicate SWPBS being implemented in school Report 2-3 planned activities from your team action planning (1 min.) Attention Please 1 Minute Spokesperson

What does PBS look like? SW-PBS (primary) >80% of students can tell you what is expected of them & give behavioral example because they have been taught, actively supervised, practiced, & acknowledged. Positive adult-to-student interactions exceed negative Function based behavior support is foundation for addressing problem behavior. Data- & team-based action planning & implementation are operating. Administrators are active participants. Full continuum of behavior support is available to all students Secondary & Tertiary Team-based coordination & problem solving Local specialized behavioral capacity Function-based behavior support planning Person-centered, contextually & culturally relevant District/regional behavioral capacity Instructionally oriented Linked to SW-PBS practices & systems School-based comprehensive supports

Nonclassroom Setting Systems Classroom Setting Systems Individual Student Systems School-wide Systems Research to Practice

School-wide Systems 1.Common purpose & approach to discipline 2.Clear set of positive expectations & behaviors 3. Procedures for teaching expected behavior 4.Continuum of procedures for encouraging expected behavior 5. Continuum of procedures for discouraging inappropriate behavior 6. Procedures for on-going monitoring & evaluation

Classroom Management Systems Classroom-wide positive expectations taught & encouraged Teaching classroom routines & cues taught & encouraged Ratio of 6-8 positive to 1 negative adult-student interaction Active supervision Redirections for minor, infrequent behavior errors Frequent precorrections for chronic errors Effective academic instruction & curriculum

Nonclassroom Systems Positive expectations & routines taught & encouraged Active supervision by all staff –Scan, move, interact Precorrections & reminders Positive reinforcement

Individual Student System Behavioral competence at school & district levels Function-based behavior support planning Team- & data-based decision making Comprehensive person-centered planning & wraparound processes Targeted social skills & self-management instruction Individualized instructional & curricular accommodations

Behavior Support Elements Problem Behavior Functional Assessment Intervention & Support Plan Fidelity of Implementation Impact on Behavior & Lifestyle *Response class *Routine analysis *Hypothesis statement *Function *Alternative behaviors *Competing behavior analysis *Contextual fit *Strengths, preferences, & lifestyle outcomes *Evidence-based interventions *Implementation support *Data plan *Continuous improvement *Sustainability plan Team-based Behavior competence

Agreements Team Data-based Action Plan ImplementationEvaluation GENERAL IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

Behavioral Capacity Priority & Status Data-based Decision Making Communications Administrator Representation Team

3-4 Year Commitment Top 3 School- Wide Initiatives Coaching & Facilitation Dedicated Resources & Time Administrative Participation 3-Tiered Prevention Logic Agreements & Supports

Self-Assessment Efficient Systems of Data Management Team-based Decision Making Evidence- Based Practices Multiple Systems Existing Discipline Data Data-based Action Plan SWIS

Team Managed Staff Acknowledgements Continuous Monitoring Staff Training & Support Administrator Participation Effective Practices Implementation

Relevant & Measurable Indicators Team-based Decision Making & Planning Continuous Monitoring Regular Review Effective Visual Displays Efficient Input, Storage, & Retrieval Evaluation

How do I keep track of all this stuff? Useful Tools Coaches’ Implementation Checklist (Form C) Team Implementation Checklist – Rev (Form A) Implementation Phases Inventory (IPI) School-wide Evaluation Tool (SET)

MD Team Implementation Checklist (Rev Form A) Establish Commitment 1. Administrator support & active involvement –Attends meetings 90% of the time –Provides funding for PBIS activities –Puts time on staff agenda for PBIS updates –Actively promotes PBIS as priority, integrates with other initiatives/improvement activities 2. Faculty/Staff support (One of top 3 goals, 80% of faculty document support, 3 year timeline) –Climate/Discipline one of top 3 school improvement goals –Faculty feedback is obtained throughout year –Faculty involved in some decision making/establishing goals –Admin/faculty commits to PBIS for at least 3 years

Establish & Maintain Team 3. Team established (representative) –Includes: grade level teachers, special area, paraprofessionals, parents, special ed, school counselor, non classroom monitors, –Has established a clear mission/purpose 4. Team has regular meeting schedule, effective operating procedures –Agenda is used, coach is notified of meeting time, admin present to approve activities/decisions 5. Committee/Workgroup review completed/updated annually –PBIS team has clearly defined objectives/outcomes

Initiative, Project, Committee PurposeOutcomeTarget Group Staff Involved SIP/SID/et c Attendance Committee Character Education Safety Committee School Spirit Committee Discipline Committee DARE Committee EBS Work Group Working Smarter

Initiative, Committee PurposeOutcomeTarget Group Staff Involved SIP/SID Attendance Committee Increase attendance Increase % of students attending daily All studentsEric, Ellen, Marlee Goal #2 Character Education Improve character All studentsMarlee, J.S., Ellen Goal #3 Safety CommitteeImprove safetyPredictable response to threat/crisis Dangerous students Has not metGoal #3 School Spirit Committee Enhance school spirit Improve moraleAll studentsHas not met Discipline Committee Improve behaviorDecrease office referralsBullies, antisocial students, repeat offenders Ellen, Eric, Marlee, Otis Goal #3 DARE CommitteePrevent drug useHigh/at-risk drug users Don EBS Work GroupImplement 3-tier model Decrease office referrals, increase attendance, enhance academic engagement, improve grades All studentsEric, Ellen, Marlee, Otis, Emma Goal #2 Goal #3 Sample Teaming Matrix

Self-Assessment 6. Team/faculty complete PBIS survey (completed annually) –Self Assessment is used to write annual action plan –Results are shared with staff. 7. Team summarizes existing school discipline data. 8. Strengths, areas of immediate focus & action plan are identified. –Schedule/plans for teaching staff discipline & data system are developed –Team makes it easy for staff to implement & responds to feedback –Schedule for rewards/incentives for the year is planned –Plans for orienting incoming staff & students are developed –Plans for involving families & community are developed

Establish School-wide Expectations school-wide behavior expectations are defined & posted in all areas of building. –Expectations apply to both staff & students –Posters are similar, paired with icon & highly visible 10. School-wide teaching matrix developed. –Rules developed for specific settings –Rules are linked to expectations

School-Wide Expectations - continued 11. Teaching plans for school-wide expectations are developed. –A behavioral curriculum includes concept & skill level instruction –Lessons include examples & non-examples –Strategies for use by families/community are developed –Faculty/staff & students are involved in development 12. School-wide behavioral expectations taught directly & formally. –Lessons are embedded into subject area curriculum –Schedule/plans for teaching staff lesson plans for students are developed –Booster sessions for students & staff are scheduled/planned

Establish On-Going System for Rewarding Behavioral Expectations 13. System for rewarding student behavior is established. –Rewards are linked to expectations –Rewards are varied to maintain student interest –System includes opportunities for naturally occurring reinforcement –Ratios of reinforcement to corrections are high –Students are involved in identifying/developing incentives –The system includes incentives for staff/faculty.

Establish System for Responding to Behavioral Violations 14. Staff & administration agree on what problems are office managed & what problems are staff managed. –Behaviors defined –Clearly identified major/minor behaviors –Suggested array of appropriate responses to minor (classroom managed behaviors) –Suggested array of appropriate responses to major (office managed) behaviors –Clearly defined & consistent consequences & procedures for undesirable behaviors are developed –Process includes documentation procedures

Establish Information System 15. Discipline data are gathered, summarized, reported to staff, & used to make decisions. –Data collection is easy, efficient, relevant –Add’l data collected (attendance, grades, faculty attendance, surveys) –Data entered weekly (minimum) –Data analyzed monthly (minimum) –Data shared with team & faculty monthly (minimum) –Office referral form lists: (a) student/grade, (b) date/time, (c) referring staff, (d) problem behavior, (e) location, (f) persons involved, (g) probable motivation, & (h) consequences

Build Capacity for Function-based Support 16. Personnel with behavioral expertise are identified & involved. –At least one individual on the PBIS team who has training or experience in behavior support including practical foundations, data collection & analysis, design & implement comprehensive plans 17. Plan developed to identify & establish systems for teacher support, functional assessment & support plan development & implementation –Students identified through multiple data sources, teacher/parent request –Teachers feel supported by SW team-response time to request within 24hours –Focus of support is preventative, educative, functional, data based, empirically valid, collaborative and tied to SW, classroom & individual support programs

Build District Level Support 18. Allocate money for building & maintaining school- wide behavioral support. –PBIS is high on list of priorities –Activities, printing costs, FTE are funded adequately 19. Identify facilitator (coach) who connects the school with district-wide PBIS efforts, attends team meetings & provides technical assistance. 20. Write professional development plan for increasing technical skills in area of PBS & team-work. –School data drives professional development plan, training topics & schedule is embedded within annual action plan –Other initiatives are integrated with PBIS

On-going Activity 1. PBS team has met at least monthly. 2. PBS team has given status report to faculty at least monthly. 3. Activities for PBS action plan implemented 4. Accuracy of implementation of PBS action plan assessed. 5. Effectiveness of PBS action plan implementation assessed. 6. PBS data analyzed & shared with school staff.

Office Discipline Referral Information 1. # Office Discipline Referrals (ODR) 2. # Suspensions SWIS.org

MD Coaches’ Checklist (Form C) Team Activities 1.Administrator is active & present for meetings. 2.Team is making progress on PBIS “Getting Started” checklist (Form A). 3.Team uses school discipline & related data to discuss monthly progress. 4.Team uses annual action plan to discuss monthly progress 5.Team provides monthly updates/data summaries to entire school staff. 6.Team meetings are effectively run (e.g., clear objectives, tasks, goals). 7.Team activities are coordinated with other school initiatives & committees.

Coaching Activities FTE allocated & sufficient enough to complete tasks Consistently attend team meetings. Assist team with data-based decision-making, planning, & implementation. Attend regional/state coaches meetings & trainings. Send information to PBIS State/District Coordinator (e.g., checklists, action plans, etc.) Assist with dissemination activities (e.g., presentations, case studies, articles, etc.)

Implementation Phases Inventory (IPI) 2x year to assess PBS implementation 3 main phases (*critical elements) –Preparation –Initiation –Implementation –Maintenance Overall implementation score obtained based on total item points (Not, Partial, Full)

Before Team Training 1.Review Coaching Implementation Checklist (C) 2.Verify coaching role with Coordinator 3.Review coaching role with Principal 4.Review status of team: principal, grade level representatives, special educator, counselor, parent, classified staff members (Committee Review) 5.Ask team to bring discipline data, behavior incident reports, office discipline referral forms, school discipline policy, procedures for teaching school- wide behavior expectations, procedures for encouraging SW expectations, etc. 6.Review tools: Team Implementation Checklist (A), EBS Self-Assessment Survey, Committee Review, Implementation Phases Inventory (IPI), Action Planning

During Team Training 1.Remind team of coaching role 2.Let team lead process 3.Document agreements 4.Keep team on task & reinforce progress 5.Remind team of big ideas (“refrigerator magnets”) from presentations 6.Remind team to include all staff 7.Prompt outcomes: Team Implementation Checklist, Team Action Plan, Committee Review, EBS Self- assessment Survey

After Team Training 1.Acknowledge/reinforce principal & team for progress at training 2.Prompt team to –Meet & review PBS purpose & action plan with staff –Collect school data –Meet w/in 1 month –Complete Team Implementation Checklist 1 month later 3.Contact team leader 2x in first month & ask –What is planned –if assistance needed 4.Set schedule to attend team meeting 1x month 5.Monitor & assist in development & completion of team action plan 6.Review/complete Coaches Implementation Checklist 7.Document team & coaching accomplishments, speed bumps, challenges, solutions

Challenges/Guidelines Challenges <80% staff commitment & agreement Lack of/too much administrative support Too many/too few meetings Conflicting perspective Kids/families responsibility No/bad data In-/out-house coaching Inefficient meetings Competing initiatives Guidelines Use data Acknowledge/reinforce approximations Focus on team Provide/use exemplars Conduct functional assessment Contextualize evidence- based practice Consult with coordinator &/or state leadership team Model desired practice

Tools (pbis.org) EBS Self-assessment TIC: Team Implementation Checklist SSS: Safe Schools Survey SET: Systems School-wide Evaluation Tool PBS Implementation & Planning Self- assessment ISSET: Individual Student Systems Evaluation Tool (pilot) SWIS: School-Wide Information System (swis.org)

What does successful coaching look like? (15 minutes) Coaching Behaviors Training Strategies Identify 3 things (behaviors, activities) successful coaches do & describe how these skills/behaviors are taught. REPORT ONE BEHAVIOR & STRATEGY (30 sec.)