THE FUTILE SEARCH FOR A NEW STABILITY: EUROPE BETWEEN THE WARS

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Presentation transcript:

THE FUTILE SEARCH FOR A NEW STABILITY: EUROPE BETWEEN THE WARS CHAPTER 26 1919-1939 THE FUTILE SEARCH FOR A NEW STABILITY: EUROPE BETWEEN THE WARS

Quiz pp. 739-741 What was the LITTLE ENTENTE? What did the French occupy in order to force Germany to pay war reparations? What was the name of the American plan for reparations which included loans and investments from the US to Europe? What two countries signed the TREATY OF LOCARNO? The KELLOGG-BRIAND agreed to “renounce ___________ as an instrument of national policy.”

AN UNCERTAIN PEACE - THE SEARCH FOR SECURITY: Europe after 1919 – tried to solve nationalism Redrawing borders Creating new states - 11 new countries created Unhappiness over borders still remained in Eastern Europe Germany was angry, resentful, and humiliated - article 231 + reparations The League of Nations - it was hoped that this could resolve conflicts and keep the peace USA - does not join the League of Nations, rejects the Treaty of Versailles -> isolationism Britain - focus on economic problems and ignore continental problems France - isolated and without allies Russia - communist = toxic = the outcast of Europe The Little Entente = France forms alliance with Czechoslovakia + Romania + Yugoslavia (enlarged Serbia ) France forms alliance also with the new Poland

THE FRENCH POLICY OF COERCION (1919-1924): Strict enforcement of the T. of Versailles Tough policy towards Germany = must pay full reparations 1921 the reparations that Germany owed was set at 132 billion marks Germany agrees and starts to pay reparations in 1921 1922 Germany says it is broke and can’t pay the reparations France sends troops to occupy the Ruhr Valley in Germany - operate and use Ruhr mines and factories

Ruhr Valley - Germany’s mining and industrial heartland Germans adopt policy of passive resistance Germany begins printing money to pay debts = inflation The policy of coercion adopted by France proves to be a loser for both Germany and France

THE HOPEFUL YEARS (1924-1929) The second half of the 1920’s – New governments in France, Britain, and Germany New conciliatory approach to Germany and the reparations problem Gustav Stresemann = new elected leader of the Weimar Republic End passive resistance Agree to obey the Treaty of Versailles Seek a new settlement for the reparations problem The Dawes Plan 1924 = American loans to Germany to assist economic recovery The Treaty of Locarno 1925 = settles problems between Germany and France - “the spirit of Locarno” Germany admitted to the League of Nations in 1926 The Kellogg-Briand Pact = treaty “making war illegal” Disarmament - conferences and treaties designed to reduce weapons

GUSTAV STRESEMANN –Weimar Germany’s greatest politician THE SIGNING OF THE KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT -> MAKING WAR ILLEGAL

PLEASE EXPLAIN THE CARTOON ON THE RIGHT -> WHAT ARE THE ROCKS?