Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases John F. Baniecki, Ph.D. Extension Specialist, Plant Pathology/Entomology Professor, Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Consumer Sciences West Virginia University

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases OBJECTIVES 1. To discuss major causes of abiotic disorders on some ornamentals and vegetables (as examples). 2. To create an awareness that abiotic disorders do exist. 3. To increase an interest in wanting to know more about abiotic disorders. 4. Consequently, to improve upon problem solving recognition.

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases First, Understand the Healthy Plant 1. Know thy plant 1. What does the healthy plant look like? 2. What are the characteristics of the plant? 3. Is the plant adapted to the area? 4. How is the plant cultured?

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases – Understand the sick or diseased plant. – A plant may not always be healthy. – Plant problems do exist and a disease can occur.

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Diseases May Be Caused (Biotic) Living Agents Or Non-Living Agents (Abiotic) Or Both. There are: Infectious Living Agents. Fungi, Bacteria, Viruses, (Viroids, Plasmids), And Nematodes. Non-Infectious Living Agents. Insects And Vertebrates (Rodents, Deer, and Humans).

The Other Diseases Abiotic Disorders In plant problem solving, it is important to be aware of the other diseases This presentation will focus on: ABIOTIC DISORDERS.

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases There are those abiotic disorders that are uncontrollable and associated with the environment. Environmental causes of disorders include: Temperature Effects (Cold and Heat) Effects of Wetness or Dryness/Drought Lightning Gas Leakage Effects of Air Pollution

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases There are those abiotic disorders that are controllable and are a frequent cause of plant disorders that are brought about by a lack of a practice or misuse of a practice associated with no one else, but the human.

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant disorders associated with the human practices are: Cultural Planting Mulching Soil Fertility

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant disorders associated with the human practices are: Mechanical Use Of: Guide Or Staking Wires Weed Eater Lawn Mower Planting Material

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant disorders associated with the human practices are: Chemical Use Examples Are The Use Of: Salt Fertilizer Pesticide

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Causes of Plant Disorders Temperature Effects--COLD Sudden Drop In Temperature Frozen Ground Windy Northern Exposure Water Loss

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----COLD Winter Desiccation Northern Exposure Evergreen Damage Rhododendron Damage

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----COLD Frost Injury Freeze Damage Frost Injury

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----COLD Late Frost Injury Frost Damage

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Causes of Plant Disorders Temperature Effects--HEAT Sunny Exposure Water Loss Wilting, Yellowing, Browning -----Death Scalding

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----HEAT Heat Reflection From A Paved Surface

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----HEAT SUNSCALD

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects----DROUGHT Loss of water Wilting, Yellowing, Browning -----Death

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects---- DROUGHT Loss Of Water From The Plant

Environmental Effects WETNESS POOR DRAINAGE Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects WETNESS POOR DRAINAGE Waterlogged Soil

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects HAIL May Be Unnoticed Or Noticeable Pockets Or Rifts Tattered Leaves

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects Lightning

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects -----Gas Injury Plants Affected May Be Far Removed From The Gas Leakage

Environmental Effects -----Air Pollutants Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides And Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PAN), Fluoride, Chlorine, And Ammonia Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects -----Ozone Flecking, Mottling, Chlorosis, Banding, Bronzing, Browning, Blanching

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects -----Sulfur Dioxide Browning, Chlorosis, Banding, Bleaching, Bronzing

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects -----Nitrogen Oxides And Peroxyacyl Nitrates (PAN) Light Browning, Glazing, Bronzing

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects -----Fluoride Chlorotic Flecking, Marginal Browning

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Environmental Effects Chlorine Ammonia Light Browning On Tips and Edges

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Cultural Planting Problems

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Cultural Fill Soil Over Existing Roots Constructionitis

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Cultural

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Cultural Nutrient Deficiencies Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Lower Leaves Affected First

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Cultural Nutrient Deficiencies Iron Manganese Immobile Magnesium Mobile

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Cultural Nutrient Deficiencies Calcium Affects Root Growth Constituent Of The Middle Lamella

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Mechanical/ Physical Injury

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Mechanical/ Physical Injury Staking Wire Injury Girdling Plastic Twine

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Mechanical/ Physical Injury Lawn Mower Damage

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Chemical Use Over Fertilization

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Chemical Use Distortion, Cupping, Browning 2,4-D On Tomato Dicamba Injury Linden Taxus

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases Plant Disorders Associated With Human Practices Chemical Use Yellowing, Browning, Distortion Orthene Roundup Urine (Another Matter)

Abiotic Disorders The Other Diseases AS ONE CAN SEE NOT ALL “BUGS” (LIVING AGENTS; FUNGI, BACTERIA, VIRUSES, NEMATODES, INSECTS) AND VERTEBRATES (RODENTS, DEER) CAUSE PLANT PROBLEMS. CAN HUMANS BUG THE PLANTS? FOR A LARGE PART THEY DO.